The emulsion particle structure was investigated by TEM and particle size analyzer. The results indicate that the average emulsion particle diameter is about

130 nm and the particles grow without secondary nucleation. Samples 1 and 2 prepared with 0.7 and 0.5 phm (per hundred gram monomer) CTA respectively, show high peel strength but poor heat resistance property. On the contrary, the sample 3 prepared with 0.1-phm CTA exhibits low peel strength but relatively good heat resistance. However, sample 4, which was synthesized with 0.5-phm CTA and 0.4-phm acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate (AAEM) in core but 0.5-phm CTA and 0.6-phm AAEM in shell stages, shows high peel strength (1032.9g/in.) AS1842856 in vitro and good heat resistance property (524.9 g/in.). In addition, sample 5 also demonstrates high peel strength (987.2

g/in.) and good heat resistance property (643.5 g/in.) when it was synthesized using 0.1-phm CTA but no AAEM in core, 0.36-phm CTA and 0.75-phm AAEM in shell stages. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 2857-2865, 2011″
“Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations MLN2238 clinical trial suggest all pregnant women have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing early in pregnancy. For women with specific identified risks for HIV-1 infection, the CDC recommends repeat testing in the third trimester. We report 3 cases of infants perinatally infected with HIV-1 whose mothers tested negative BEZ235 chemical structure for HIV-1 during the first trimester of pregnancy. Because they were not considered to be “”high risk”" for HIV-1 infection, they did not

have a third trimester HIV test. These cases suggest that repeat HIV antibody testing may be necessary to avoid cases of perinatal transmission that might be prevented with antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy.”
“Factor V Leiden (FVL) is the most common monogenic disorder that causes activated protein C (APC) resistance, creating hyper-coagulation. The mutation shows an uneven geographic distribution, significantly high in European populations. The mutation is believed to have originated approximately 20 000 years ago probably from a geographic region close to Anatolia. This fact makes it noteworthy to search for the mutation in ancient populations that once lived in this area. One of these civilizations, Urartu was centered around Van Lake in Eastern Turkey. The archeological remains from the excavations of the region are dated back to 1000 BC. Teeth, taken from the excavations of Van Yoncatepe fortress, were taken into DNA analysis considering all the precautions for ancient DNA analysis. Multiplex STR (Short Tandem Repeats) analysis were performed both to determine the gender of the samples and to conclude that the samples are preserved from modern DNA contamination.

The greatest reducing power was observed in PV relative to the other vinegars. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) of PV, PMV, GV, and BV were 1.012, 0.969, 0.931, and 0.856 at a dose of 1 mL, respectively. Therefore, our study verified that the GV, PV, and PMV have powerful antioxidant activities which are correlated with its high level of phenolics, particularly Fedratinib purchase gallic,

acid, and epigallocatechin.”
“The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the reasons for the high bladder cancer rates in Turkey. We conducted a case-control study in Manisa, Turkey, in 2011. The study included 173 patients with incident, histologically confirmed bladder cancer and 282 controls who were frequency matched by age, sex and geographic area, admitted to the main hospital of Manisa for a wide range of acute diseases. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from multiple logistic regression models. Compared with never smokers, the OR was 2.9 (95% CI 1.5-5.4) for moderate (<20 cigarettes/day) and 4.0 (95% CI 1.7-9.6)

for heavy smokers. The association was stronger for unfiltered black tobacco (OR=5.4) and for longer duration of smoking (40 years, OR=5.3). There was a strong inverse correlation with social class indicators, with ORs of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.4) for more-educated compared with less-educated individuals. There was no significant association with a group of five occupations a priori defined as being of CDK assay high risk (OR=1.3), nor with farming (OR=1.2). Bladder cancer risk was directly related to the history of urinary tract infections (OR=1.9,

95% CI 1.2-3.1) but not to diabetes (OR=0.7) or kidney (OR=0.7) and prostate (OR=1.3) diseases. Tobacco is the major risk factor for bladder cancer in Manisa, being responsible for 56% of cases; check details urinary tract infections account for 19% of cases, whereas the role of occupational exposure is limited in this, predominantly rural, population.”
“Two new compounds named fischeacid (1) and fischexanthone (2), together with eight known compounds, were obtained from the culture of a marine-derived fungus Neosartorya fischeri strain 1008F(1). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data. Bioassays indicated that AGI-B4 (5) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10) showed potent inhibitory effect on the replication of tobacco mosaic virus, and AGI-B4 also possessed an inhibition of the cell proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and hepatic cancer cells BEL-7404.”
“Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a traditional Korean medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as edema, arthritis, hepatitis, and endangitis.

The Method is Used to obtain the hysteresis loops and study the switching

behavior of [Co/Pd] multilayers coupled to different seed layers. Results show that Cu seed layer helps to reduce the switching field distribution (SFD) and increase the coercivity while Co underlayer with an in-plane anisotropy helps to reduce the coercivity and increase the SFD. Furthermore, the magnetization in the Co in-plane layer is Found to be pointing out of plane possibly due JNJ-26481585 nmr to exchange coupling with the [Co/Pd] multilayers. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3240346]“
“Objectives A diagnosis of cancer in childhood places a considerable economic burden on families, although costs are not well described. The objectives of this study were to identify and determine independent predictors of

the direct and time costs incurred by such families. Methods A prospective, cost-of-illness study was conducted in families of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Parents recorded the resources consumed and costs incurred during 1?week per month for three consecutive months beginning the fourth week following diagnosis and listed any additional costs incurred ISRIB purchase since then. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were performed to describe families’ costs (expressed in 2007 Canadian dollars) and to determine direct and time cost predictors. Results In total, 28 fathers and 71 mothers participated. The median total direct and time costs in 3?months were $CAD3503 and $CAD23?130, respectively, per family. The largest component of direct costs was travel and of time costs was time allocated previously for unpaid activities. There were no statistically significant predictors of direct costs. Six per cent of the variance for time costs was explained by language GSK J4 spoken at home. Conclusions Families of children with cancer are confronted with a wide range of direct and time costs, the largest being travel and time allocated previously for unpaid activities. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“The objective of this study was to measure the correlation of

maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) with Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) in women with urodynamic stress incontinence using air-charged urodynamic catheters.

Records of all women who underwent urodynamic testing for urinary incontinence using air-charged catheters over a 3-year period were reviewed. Data included scores on the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7).

One hundred ninety-three women met the criteria for urodynamic stress incontinence. There was a modest correlation of MUCP with VLPP at 200 mL (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) and a low correlation of MUCP with VLPP at maximum capacity (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). There was no correlation of UDI-6 or IIQ-7 scores with MUCP or VLPP.

We compared the respondents’ management against evidence-based practice.

The survey took the form of a questionnaire, which was sent to members of The Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists (APAGBI) and to Royal College tutors. The questionnaire was sent in paper format to the College Tutors and in digital format to APAGBI members. Emphasis was placed upon preoperative preparation, induction

technique, airway management, analgesia, postoperative nausea and vomiting strategy, fluid management and emergence from anesthesia.

Responses were obtained from 173 individuals representing a broad cross-section of anesthetists from teaching and district general hospitals. Findings are as follows: the application of topical anesthetic cream is commonplace (93%), with Ametop((R)) being the primary preparation used; the intravenous route was preferred to induce LDN-193189 anesthesia; most practitioners intubate the trachea to maintain the airway during anesthesia

(79%); a muscle relaxant was employed to assist intubation of the trachea in 47% of respondents and the routine use of suxamethonium was reported to be uncommon (9%); the administration of prophylactic ondansetron and dexamethasone was reported by 79% and 70% of respondents respectively; and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used by 77% of individuals either pre-emptively or during SB203580 the intraoperative period.

Whilst there is individual variability in the management of these cases, the majority of anesthetists prefer the intravenous route for induction of anesthesia, after application of topical anesthetic cream. It is routine practice to intubate the trachea, administer paracetamol, NSAIDs, strong opiates and antiemetics.”
“Commercially used per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely detected in humans, but the sources of human exposure are not fully characterized.

The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of different exposure pathways of PFCs in a group of Norwegians and compare estimated intakes with internal doses obtained through biomonitoring. Individual PFC intakes from multiple exposure sources for a study group of 41 Norwegian women were estimated using measured NSC23766 solubility dmso PFC concentrations in indoor air and house dust as well as information from food frequency questionnaires and PFC concentrations in Norwegian food. Food was generally the major exposure source, representing 67-84% of the median total intake for PFOA and 88-99% for PFOS using different dust ingestion rates and biotransformation factors of ‘precursor’ compounds. However, on an individual basis, the indoor environment accounted for up to around 50% of the total intake for several women. Significant positive associations between concentrations of PFCs in house dust and the corresponding serum concentrations underline the importance of indoor environment as an exposure pathway for PFCs.

In both cases, carotenes were far less degraded than synthetic beta-carotene. However, the degradation of lycopene was still rapid (around 1 mM lycopene degraded per hour), see more whereas beta-carotene was almost not bleached. Moreover, in gac, the cleavage of the beta-carotene’s

molecule was situated nearer the extremity of the cycle than for pure beta-carotene. It gave rise essentially to beta-cyclocitral. For encapsulated beta-carotene, the presence of PLA modified this site to the C9-10 bond which is the favoured cleavage site of pure beta-carotene.

We conclude that the presence of lycopene in gac has a protective role on the molecule of beta-carotene and modifies the cleavage site. However, the supramolecular structure is still very important in the orientation of cleavage

as the encapsulation in PLA particles increases degradation and modifies the cleavage site. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To compare laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with and without bipolar vessel sealing (BVS) using the LigaSure (TM) device by meanings of intra- and postoperative course.

In a retrospective case-control study 362 female patients (mean age 54.3 +/- A 9.5 years) were included check details who underwent LAVH with (n = 252) and without (n = 110) use of BVS. Intra- and postoperative courses and adverse events were evaluated.

A shorter mean operating time was found for LAVH with the use of BVS (65.28 +/- A

16.33 min) when compared with LAVH without the use of BVS (83.73 +/- A 21.53 min, P < 0.005). The mean postoperative stay did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05); 15 out of 251 (6.0%) patients were found to have adverse events during or after LAVH with the use of BVS in contrast to 16 out of 110 (14.5%) patients during or after LAVH without the use of BVS (P < 0.05). Following the MLN2238 use of BVS significantly less patients reported postoperative pain for more than 7 days after the operation in contrast to the use of sutures (0/251 [0%] vs. 3/110 [2.7%], respectively, P < 0.05).

The use of LigaSure (TM) is effective in decreasing operating time, the overall complication rate and postoperative pain.”
“Thyroid hormones affect the function of almost every body organ, and thyroid dysfunction produces a wide range of metabolic disturbances. Severe hypothyroidism is associated with significant effects on the kidney. The pathophysiology is thought to be multifactorial, while the exact mechanism remains unclear. Hypothyroidism as a cause of renal impairment is usually overlooked, leading to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. We describe two patients with acute renal failure due to severe hypothyroidism in whom thyroid hormone substitution therapy led to a significant improvement in renal function.

Conclusion: HIF has a strong protective effect against proinflammatory responses, implying the possibility of preventive application for inflammatory skin diseases. (C) 2010 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology.

Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Internal nanodomains in the form learn more of stripe or nanostripe domains (NSDs ) have been found in high permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) prepared by ceramic route. High resolution transmission electron microscopy study detects plane defects along the domain boundaries. Electron diffraction patterns indicate the existence of probable twinning in CCTO, resulting plane defects. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies also detect Cu1+ and Ti3+ demonstrating the presence of compositional disorder in CCTO which leads to lattice dislocations along the domain boundary regions. Highly disordered plane defects are responsible for creation of NSDs and act as insulating barriers. Thus, high permittivity is achieved through internal barrier

layer capacitance within CCTO grains. Present observation of NSDs in CCTO and their origin finally confirm the extrinsic mechanism of the huge dielectric response of CCTO ceramic. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3457231]“
“Chronic cardiac allograft rejection is the major barrier to long term graft survival. There GSK1904529A datasheet is currently no effective treatment for chronic rejection except re-transplantation. Though neointimal development, fibrosis,

and progressive deterioration of graft function are hallmarks of chronic rejection, the immunologic mechanisms driving this process are poorly understood. These experiments tested a functional role for IL-6 in chronic rejection by utilizing serial echocardiography to assess the progression of chronic rejection in vascularized mouse cardiac allografts. Cardiac allografts in mice transiently depleted of CD4+ cells that develop chronic rejection were compared with those receiving anti-CD40L therapy that do not develop chronic rejection. Echocardiography revealed the development of hypertrophy in grafts undergoing chronic rejection. Histologic analysis confirmed EPZ5676 cell line hypertrophy that coincided with graft fibrosis and elevated intragraft expression of IL-6. To elucidate the role of IL-6 in chronic rejection, cardiac allograft recipients depleted of CD4+ cells were treated with neutralizing anti-IL-6 mAb. IL-6 neutralization ameliorated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, graft fibrosis, and prevented deterioration of graft contractility associated with chronic rejection. These observations reveal a new paradigm in which IL-6 drives development of pathologic hypertrophy and fibrosis in chronic cardiac allograft rejection and suggest that IL-6 could be a therapeutic target to prevent this disease.

sSMC corresponded to the 15q11.2 region (patients 1 and 2), the centromeric chromosome 15 region (patient 3) and the 21p11.2 region (patient 4). Array CGH showed LDK378 price 3.6-Mb gain for patients 1 and 2 and 0.266-Mb gain for patient 4. Sperm fluorescent in-situ hybridization analyses found ratios of 0.37 and 0.30 of sperm nuclei with sSMC(15) for patients 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.001). An increase of sperm nuclei with disomy X, Y and 18 was noted for patient 1 compared with control and patient 2 (P < 0.001). Among the genes mapped in

the unbalanced chromosomal regions, POTE B and BAGE are related to the testis and ovary, respectively. The implication of sSMC in infertility could be due to duplication, but also to mechanical effects perturbing meiosis. (C) 2011, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In the present work, a gastroretentive in situ gelling liquid formulation

for controlled delivery of ranitidine was formulated using sodium alginate (low, medium and high viscosity grades), calcium carbonate (source of cations) and ranitidine. Prepared formulations were evaluated for viscosity, buoyancy lag time and buoyancy duration, drug content and in vitro drug release. Formulation variables such as concentration of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and drug significantly affected the formulation viscosity, Blasticidin S in vivo floating behavior and in vitro drug release. Analysis of the release pattern showed that the drug release from in situ gel followed a diffusion mechanism.”
“Meiotic segregation patterns of 278 embryos from 41 preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles of 34 reciprocal translocation carriers were analysed to investigate whether some characteristics of reciprocal translocation, including terminal breakpoints, acrocentric chromosome or carrier gender, are related to meiotic segregation patterns. JNJ-26481585 manufacturer The incidence

of normal/balanced karyotypes in translocations with terminal breakpoints was significantly lower than those without terminal breakpoints (6.5% versus 14.4%, P = 0.005). The incidences of adjacent-1 (21.0% versus 29.6%), adjacent-2 (16.1% versus 11.1%) and 3: 1 (41.9% versus 30.6%) segregation were not statistically significantly different in translocations with terminal breakpoints versus those without. Translocation with acrocentric chromosomes showed a significantly lower rate of 2: 2 segregation (39.2% versus 60.2%, P = 0.001) and a higher rate of 3: 1 segregation (43.1% versus 27.3%, P = 0.005) than those without acrocentric chromosomes. The incidence of 2: 2 segregation was significantly higher in male than in female carriers (58.2% versus 45.0%, P = 0.019). This study suggested that reciprocal translocation involving terminal breakpoints resulted in a lower rate of normal/balanced karyotype in preimplantation embryos.

001) expression significantly correlated with decreased overall survival in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive ALDH1A3 expression or negative GPX3 expression was an independent poor-prognostic predictor

in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Conclusions. Our study suggested that positive ALDH1A3 and negative GPX3 expressions are closely associated with clinical pathological behaviors and poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer.”
“The synthesis of polymer-grafted natural rubbers (NRs) was considered through photopolymerization of vinyl monomers initiated from N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate groups previously introduced onto cis 1,4-polyisoprene units of NR chains. BAY 57-1293 The development of the procedure was made with methyl methacrylate (NMA) as monomer. First, initiation of MMA photopolymerization CA3 Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor was tested using a model molecule of the

N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate-functionalized 1,4-polyisoprene unit to verify the feasibility of the procedure considered. Then, MMA polymerization was successfully initiated from N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate-functionalized NR backbone used as macroinitiator, and the conditions of grafting were optimized. It was shown that MMA grafting could occur either in monomer medium, in solution in toluene, and in latex medium, and that the quantities of homopolymer formed were still low. Thereafter, grafting studies were performed with other vinyl monomers (styrene, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, acrylic acid) showing that grafting efficiency depends essentially on the nature of the monomer. The method developed here was shown particularly well adapted for the synthesis of polymer-grafted NR with monomers of low polarity. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 2149-2160,2009″
“This article contains a review of the main developments reported during 2009 in either publications or presentations on the pathophysiology, secondary prevention, prognosis or

treatment of acute coronary syndrome, with or without ST-segment elevation.”
“Objectives. The study was designed to evaluate associations GS-9973 manufacturer between symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), inflammation, and superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) with endothelial function and to determine their potential for screening of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplant (RT) recipients. Materials and Methods. We included 64 CKD and 52 RT patients. Patients were stratified according to brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results. Logistic regression analysis showed that high SDMA and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were associated with impaired FMD in CKD and RT patients, after adjustment for glomerular filtration rate. The ability of inflammation, SDMA, and O-2(center dot-) to detect impaired FMD was investigated by receiving operative characteristic analysis. Hs-CRP (area under the curves (AUC) = 0.754, P < 0.001), IL-6 (AUC = 0.699, P = 0.002), and SDMA (AUC = 0.

aureus was addressed and compared with that of standard quinolones. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were determined by flow cytometry, and killing was measured by a colony-count method. Garenoxacin at therapeutic concentrations affected neither phagocytosis

nor killing of Staphylococcus aureus NMS54. At supratherapeutic concentrations (1,500 selleck chemical mg/l) garenoxacin reduced and delayed phagocytosis like all other quinolones tested except norfloxacin. This decrease seems to be a result of inhibition of the oxidative burst of PMN and reduced CD11b expression at this supratherapeutic concentration. In conclusion, the alteration of CD11b expression of PMN caused by garenoxacin at 0.5, 5.0, and 100.0 mg/l is not considered to hamper the function of these first-line-defense phagocytes.”
“Introduction : The control of high

blood pressure (BP) remains insufficient in developed as well as in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the management of hypertension and the achievement of target BPs in a large population of hypertensive patients treated by Swiss primary care physicians. Methods. Data from 4594 hypertensive patients were collected and assessed for demographic data, mode of treatment and BP achievements for the overall population and for high-risk patients such as diabetics and patients with impaired renal function (CKD patients). Furthermore, we analysed the achieved BP in patients receiving single pill combinations or dual free combinations for the three most commonly prescribed substances. Results. In this large patient population, 84% of patients were receiving an antihypertensive find more treatment of which 54% showed BP control (<

140/90 mmHg or < 130/80 mmHg for diabetics and patients with CKD). Considering the higher BP target in the elderly, 60.6% of treated patients were on target. In contrast, 28.8% of treated diabetics and 29.7% of patients with impaired renal function met BP goals. Diuretics and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system were CH5183284 molecular weight the most commonly prescribed substances. High-risk patients and patients at advanced age (>= 80 years) received dual free combination more frequently than younger patients. The use of diuretics was particularly high because of the prescription of single pill formulations. Differences in the pattern of drug prescription were found according to the linguistic areas. Conclusion. The control of hypertension in the Swiss hypertensive population is relatively high but still insufficient particularly among high cardiovascular risk patients such as diabetics and patients with impaired renal function. A further improvement of BP control could perhaps be achieved with a greater use of single pill combinations particularly in patients with complicated hypertension.”
“Obesity increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) towards kidney failure and may preclude access to kidney transplantation.

This may indicate that MgSO4 role may be limited to its anti-eclamptic and does not affect the anti-angiogenic state associated with preeclampsia.”
“The coexistence of renal cancer and adrenal adenoma is rare. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient with synchronous hypernephroma and adrenal adenoma. The patient presented with resistant hypertension,

high plasma renin activity and aldosterone and target organ damage. Removal of the affected kidney cured the hypertension and normalized the plasma renin activity (PRA) and circulating aldosterone. This suggests that the coexistence of kidney cancer and adrenal adenoma may be a curable cause of resistant hypertension. The potential mechanisms accounting for the lack of suppression selleck chemical of PRA are discussed.”
“Objective: To investigate possible alterations in cord blood levels of adipokines, chemerin and obestatin (secreted by adipose tissue and associated with later development of insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome), as well as insulin, in large for gestational age (LGA) and appropriate selleck screening library for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies, granted that these groups differ in body fat

mass and metabolic/endocrine mechanisms. Methods: Cord blood chemerin, obestatin, and insulin concentrations were prospectively measured in 40 LGA (9 born from diabetic and 31 from nondiabetic mothers) and 40 AGA singleton full-term infants. Results: Cord blood chemerin concentrations were significantly higher in LGA compared with AGA neonates (b = 38.91, SE 9.29, p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences

in obestatin concentrations were observed between groups. Insulin levels were significantly elevated as customized centiles increased (b = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Higher chemerin concentrations in LGA neonates possibly reflect the increased adipose tissue in this group. Lack of difference between the two groups in circulating levels of obestatin-possibly a sensitive marker of insulin resistance-might be due to development of metabolic disorders later in life.”
“Gitelman syndrome (GS), an inherited disorder due to loss of function in mutations of the gene encoding the distal convoluted tubule Na-Cl cotransporter (NCCT), is characterized by hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. A 18-year-old girl was admitted Bromosporine supplier to our hospital with a history of muscle weakness and transient tetanic episodes affecting bilateral hands. Transient tetanic episodes had been noted over 2 years. The laboratory tests revealed hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypocalciuria. We started intravenous magnesium and potassium infusion. Tetanic episodes disappeared, but plasma levels of magnesium and potassium did not recover to normal range. On the fifth day, indomethacin and triamterene were administrated. On the seventh day, plasma levels of magnesium and potassium were normalized.