Cancer Res; 70(6); 2180-90. (C) 2010 AACR.”
“Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Qualitative is an in vitro real-time PCR assay for detecting HIV-1 nucleic acids in human plasma and dried blood spots (DBS). The assay was designed to be used in diagnosis of HIV-1 infections in

pediatric and adult patients, with an emphasis on the applicability in resource-limited settings. Use of DBS facilitates specimen collection from remote areas and transportation to testing laboratories. Small sample input requirement facilitates testing of specimens with limited collection volume. The Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Qualitative assay is capable of detecting HIV-1 group M subtypes A-H, group 0 and group N samples. GNS-1480 mouse HIV-1 Screening Library manufacturer virus concentrations detected with 95% probability were

80 copies/mL of plasma using the plasma protocol, and 2469 copies/mL of whole blood using the DOS protocol. The assay detected HIV-1 infection in 13 seroconversion panels an average 10.5 days earlier than an HIV-1 antibody test and 4.9 days earlier than a p24 antigen test. For specimens collected from 6 weeks to 18 months old infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers, assay results using both the DBS and plasma protocols agreed well with the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA Test version 1.5(95.5% agreement for DBS and 97.8% agreement for plasma). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“A new intercalating nucleic acid monomer X was obtained in high yield starting from alkylation of 4-iodophenol with (S)-(+)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)ethanol under Mitsunobu conditions followed by hydrolysis with 80% aqueous acetic acid to give a

diol which was coupled under Sonogashira conditions with trimethylsilylacetylene (TMSA) to achieve the TMS protected (S)-4-(4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenoxy)butane-1,2-diol. Tetrabutylammonium flouride was used to remove the silyl protecting group to obtain (S)-4-(4-ethynylphenoxy)butane-1,2-diol which was coupled under Sonogashira conditions with 2-(9-bromo-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-6-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine to achieve (S)-4-(4-((6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-9-yl)ethynyl)phenoxy)butane-1,2-diol. PRT062607 ic50 This compound was tritylated with 4,4-dimethoxytrityl chloride followed by treatment with 2-cyanoethyltetraisopropylphosphordiamidite in the presence of N,N’-diisopropyl ammonium tetrazolide to afford the corresponding phosphoramidite. This phosphoramidite was used to insert the monomer X into an oligonucleotide which was used for thermal denaturation studies of a corresponding parallel triplex.”
“The thermoelectric properties of silicon nanowires with different shapes, sizes, and orientations are theoretically investigated using sp(3)d(5)s* tight-binding model coupled with ballistic transport approach. We found that the thermoelectric properties significantly depend on nanowire geometry.

However, the long-term selleck screening library outcome after CPAP treatment is yet to be ascertained. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to investigate the frequency and causes of CPAP treatment discontinuation, and to ascertain the determinations of CPAP treatment duration in Japanese patients diagnosed with probable MSA based upon the consensus diagnostic

criteria, who were admitted to our hospital from 2001 to 2012. Results: Twenty-nine consecutive patients treated with CPAP were analyzed. During the observation period, 19 patients (66%) discontinued CPAP treatment. The median CPAP treatment duration was 13.0 months (range, 1-53 months). The major causes for discontinuation were pulmonary infection, respiratory insufficiency of undetermined origin, and CPAP intolerance. On comparing the clinical characteristics of the groups subjected Vorinostat cell line to short- and long-term CPAP treatment, floppy epiglottis was more frequently observed in the

short-term group than in the long-term group (64% vs 15%; P = 0.015). Conclusion: The CPAP treatment duration in MSA patients was not long, and floppy epiglottis may be a determinant of the duration of CPAP treatment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“An increasing number of experiments have been designed to detect intracellular and intercellular molecular interactions. Based on these molecular interactions (especially protein interactions), molecular networks have been built for using in several typical applications, such as the discovery of new disease genes and the identification of drug targets and molecular complexes. Because the data are incomplete

and a considerable number of false-positive interactions exist, protein interactions from different sources are commonly integrated in network analyses to build a stable molecular network. Although various types of integration strategies are being applied in selleckchem current studies, the topological properties of the networks from these different integration strategies, especially typical applications based on these network integration strategies, have not been rigorously evaluated. In this paper, systematic analyses were performed to evaluate 11 frequently used methods using two types of integration strategies: empirical and machine learning methods. The topological properties of the networks of these different integration strategies were found to significantly differ. Moreover, these networks were found to dramatically affect the outcomes of typical applications, such as disease gene predictions, drug target detections, and molecular complex identifications. The analysis presented in this paper could provide an important basis for future network-based biological researches.”
“This study describes a technical breakthrough in endolymphatic sac research, made possible by the use of the recently generated Prox1-GFP transgenic mouse model.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2011) 31, 1908-1918; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2011.60; published online 11 May 2011″
“Background: Palliative care should be provided, irrespective of setting to all patients facing a life-threatening Cilengitide in vivo illness and to their families. The situation and needs of order people differ from those of younger people since they often have several co-existing diseases and health complaints. This implies an extensive need for care and for longer periods of palliative care. The main providers of palliative care for older people are nurse assistants, who are also those with the shortest education.\n\nAim: The aim of this

study was to illuminate nurse assistants’ experience of palliative care for older people in residential care.\n\nDesign: The study had an explorative, descriptive design.\n\nSettings: Thirteen residential care units VX-770 research buy in three different districts in a large city in southern Sweden.\n\nParticipants: Twenty-five nurse assistants selected to represent variations in age, gender workplace and work experience.\n\nMethods: Data were collected from six focus-group interviews and subjected to content analysis to gain an understanding of the phenomenon.\n\nResults: The nurse assistants described palliative

care as a contrast to the everyday care they performed in that they had a legitimate possibility to provide the care needed and a clear assignment in relation to relatives. Palliative care also meant having to face death and dying while feeling simultaneous that it was unnatural to talk about death and having to deal with their own emotions. They emphasised that they were in need of support and experienced leadership as invisible and opaque, but gained strength from being recognized.\n\nConclusion: In order to support nurse assistants in providing high quality end-of-life care, more focus is needed on the trajectory of older peoples’ dying, on the importance of involving relatives throughout the period of care

provision, and on support when encountering death and dying. There is also a need for engaged care leaders, both registered nurses and managers, to recognize the work of nurse assistants and to support care provision for older people within the framework of palliative care philosophy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Eukaryotic Selleckchem ALK inhibitor protein kinases (ePKs) evolved as a family of highly dynamic molecular switches that serve to orchestrate the activity of almost all cellular processes. Some of the functionally characterized ePKs from plants have been found to be components of signaling networks, such as those for the perception of biotic agents, light quality and quantity, plant hormones, and various adverse environmental conditions. To date, only a tiny fraction of plant ePKs have been functionally identified, and even fewer have been identified in maize [Zea mays (Zm)]. In this study, we have identified 1,241 PK-encoding genes in the maize genome.

The results P5091 nmr showed a small but significant mean difference and a strong correlation between the three measurement techniques (2D-TTE vs. 2D-TEE mean difference 0,84 +/-+/- 1,85 mm, r == 0,8, p < 0,0001; 2D-TEE vs. 3D-TEE 0,27 +/-+/- 1,14 mm, r == 0,91, p < 0,02; 2D-TTE vs. 3D-TEE 0,58 +/-+/- 2,21 mm, r == 0,72, p == 0,02); however, differences between measurements amounted up to 6,1 mm. Interobserver variability for 2D-TTE and 2D-TEE was substantially higher compared with RT3D-TEE. We found significant differences in the dimensions of the aortic annulus measured by 2D-TTE, 2D-TEE and RT3D-TEE. Thus, in patients referred

for TAVI, the echocardiographic method used may have an impact on TAVI strategy.”
“Slow-wave sleep is defined as sleep stages 3 and 4 that characteristically show slow delta EEG activity during polysomnography. The percentage of slow-wave sleep normally

declines with age. Sleep disorders are a common symptom of many psychiatric disorders. In polysomnographic recordings they mostly manifest as disturbances of CH5424802 in vivo sleep continuity. In some disorders changes in REM sleep are also found. A reduction of slow-wave sleep has most often been described in patients with depression and addictive disorders. More recent research implicates slow-wave sleep as an important factor in memory consolidation, especially the contents of declarative memory. Psychotropic drugs influence sleep in different ways. Hypnotic substances can reduce the deep sleep stages (e.g. benzodiazepines), whereas

5-HT2C antagonists increase the percentage of slow-wave sleep. Whether GSK2126458 price a selective impairment/alteration of slow-wave sleep is clinically relevant has not yet been proved.”
“With the rise of high-throughput sequencing technology, traditional genotyping arrays are gradually being replaced by sequencing technology. Against this trend, Illumina has introduced an exome genotyping array that provides an alternative approach to sequencing, especially suited to large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The exome genotyping array targets the exome plus rare single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a feature that makes it substantially more challenging to process than previous genotyping arrays that targeted common SNPs. Researchers have struggled to generate a reliable protocol for processing exome genotyping array data. The Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, in cooperation with Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics Analysis and Research Design (VANGARD), has developed a thorough exome chip-processing protocol. The protocol was developed during the processing of several large exome genotyping array-based studies, which included over 60,000 participants combined. The protocol described herein contains detailed clustering techniques and robust quality control procedures, and it can benefit future exome genotyping array-based GWASs.

A logistic regression analysis was conducted with active disease as the dependent variable and the predictor variables were PAS-II, diagnostic category, and the interaction between diagnostic category and PAS-II.\n\nResults. PAS-II had a weak but statistically significant association with active disease that was independent of diagnosis. An increase of I point in PAS-II increased the odds of being in the active disease state by 1.19 (95% Cl 1.10 to 1.37). The

relationship between active disease state and PAS was not affected by diagnostic category.\n\nConclusion. PAS-II can be used as a generic self-report indicator of active disease across different rheumatic disorders, and not just in rheumatoid arthritis. The strength of the relationship with disease activity is weak and physician-derived indicators remain very important. (First Release July I 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:1932-4; HIF inhibitor doi:10.3899/jrheum.100008)”
“Background. This study aims to assess clinicians’ behaviour in prescribing vancomycin in the Intensive

Care Unit (ICU) and their adherence to local guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).\n\nMethods. In this observational cohort study we included all consecutive patients admitted to a 28-bed multidisciplinary mixed adult ICU of a large university hospital in Amsterdam between January 2002 and September 2007 who were prescribed vancomycin for >= Selleck INCB024360 3 days. We measured guideline adherence by checking for each given advice

the corresponding action and monitored adherence over time using Statistical Process Control.\n\nResults. In 475 patients prescribed vancomycin, 1336 serum concentrations were measured, of which 598 in time and 738 with a median delay of 31 hours. Dose or dose frequency adjustments were often not done (54% in advice 2 [half dose frequency] and 86% in advice 4 [increase dose with 50%]) or not done concordantly (32% in advice 2 [half dose frequency] and 60% in advice 7 [half dose frequency if trough Anlotinib purchase serum concentration]). Although adherence was stable over time, the average level was low (58.7%).\n\nConclusions. Five years of TDM did not achieve the desired prescription behaviour in the ICU and clinicians feel there is a need for computerized decision support. Local projects should measure adherence and implement appropriate solutions. (Minerva Anestesiol 2012;78:684-92)”
“Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital anomaly. It is typically identified at orchiectomy for a suspected testicular tumor or during orchiopexy. The purpose of our study is to proposal possibly preoperative diagnosis of continuous-type SGF by contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT).\n\nPre- and post contrast-enhanced CT scan at pelvic and scrotal regions was performed to a 15-month-old boy who had a left scrotal mass for evaluation. The slice collimation was 5 mm and the pitch was 3.75. Curved planar reconstruction was done after scan.

Outcome measures included the numeric pain rating scale, global rating of change, Oswestry Disability Index, and pain medication usage. A score of 12 on the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) pain scale indicated the presence of neuropathic pain, but other pain mechanisms were also hypothesized to be present. A plan of treatment was designed to improve patient goals considering these pain mechanisms. OUTCOMES: The patient was seen for 20 visits over 6 months. Ten months after the initial evaluation,

the patient’s Oswestry Disability Index scores improved by more than 50% and the patient achieved all initially stated goals without pain medication. DISCUSSION: A pain mechanisms-based FDA-approved Drug Library solubility dmso approach assisted in the management of a patient with chronic pain and multiple health conditions. Using this approach may enhance clinical decision making when managing individuals with chronic pain.”
“A novel fibrin(ogen)olytic protease from Antheraea pernyi

(important economically insect), named cocoonase, was isolated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Furthermore, the characterization of cocoonase was investigated using fibrin(ogen)olytic, thrombolysis, and hemorrhagic assays. The NH2-terminal sequence (IVGGY SVTID KAPYQ) was established by Edman degradation. Based on the N-terminal sequencing, cocoonase cDNA has been cloned by means selleck chemicals llc of RT-PCR and 5′RACE. It is composed of 261 amino acid residues and possesses the structural

features of trypsin-like serine protease. The purified cocoonase showed specific esterase activity on N-beta-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl (BAEE), and the kinetic constants, Km and Vmax were 2.577 x 10(-3) mol/L and 4.09 x 10(-3) mu mol/L/s, respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Raltegravir-(MK-0518).html Cocoonase showed strong activities on both fibrin and fibrinogen, preferentially hydrolyzed A alpha and B beta chains followed by gamma-chains of fibrinogen. Cocoonase exhibited a thrombolysis activity both in vitro (blood-clot lysis activity assay) and in vivo (carrageenan-induced thrombosis model). These findings indicate that A. pernyi cocoonase ia a novel fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme and may have a potential clinical application as an antithrombotic agent. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The structure of the antibody Fab fragment f3p4, which was selected from a subset of the synthetic HuCAL antibody library to bind the sodium citrate symporter CitS, is described at 1.92 angstrom resolution. Comparison with computational models revealed deviations in a few framework positions and in the binding loops. The crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2 and contain four molecules in the asymmetric unit, with unit-cell parameters a = 102.77, b = 185.92, c = 102.97 angstrom.

In Phase

I (3 months) 209 men received the SHED-IT Weight Loss Program. In Phase II (12 months) 92 men who lost 4 kg or more were randomised to either (i) a maintenance group who received the 6-month, gender-tailored SHED-IT Weight Loss Maintenance Program, which included no face-to-face selleck screening library contact (n = 47), or (ii) a self-help control group (n = 45). Randomisation was stratified by weight loss (4 kg-7.4 kg, bigger than = 7.5 kg) and BMI ( smaller than 30 kg/m(2), bigger than = 30 kg/m(2)). Assessments occurred at ‘study entry’ (start of Phase I), ‘baseline’ (start of Phase II), ’6 months’ (post-test) and will occur at ’12 months’ (follow-up; primary endpoint). The primary outcome is weight change in Phase II (i.e. from ‘baseline’ at 12 months after randomization). Secondary outcomes include waist circumference (umbilicus and narrowest), blood pressure, body composition, objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, portion size, dietary intake, quality of life, depressive HSP990 order symptoms, and behavioural cognitions. Costing data will be collected for cost-effectiveness analysis.

Generalised linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) will assess outcomes for treatment (maintenance vs. control), time (baseline, 6-month and 12-month) and the treatment-by-time interaction. This will be the first study to evaluate a male-only, gender-targeted weight loss maintenance program. Results will provide evidence regarding feasible and theoretically-driven obesity treatments for men with potential for long-term impact and Widespread dissemination. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuro-axonal damage is a well known sequelae of MS pathogeneses. Consequently, our aim was to test whether the similar

to 20% of patients with MS exhibiting a clinically benign disease course also have minimal neural dysfunction as reflected by the global concentration of their MR imaging marker NAA.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: Q(NAA) was obtained with nonlocalizing whole-head (1)H-MR spectroscopy in SBC-115076 ic50 43 patients with benign RRMS (30 women, 13 men; mean age, 44.7 +/- 7.3 years of age) with 21.0 +/- 4.4 years (range, 15-35 years) of disease duration from the first symptom and an EDSS score of 1.9 (range, 0-3). Q(NAA) was by divided by the brain volume (from MR imaging segmentation) to normalize it into WBNAA. All participants gave institutional review board-approved written informed consent, and the study was HIPAA compliant.\n\nRESULTS: The patients’ lesion load was 12.2 +/- 7.7 cm(3). Their 8.3 +/- 1.8 mmol/L WBNAA was 35% lower than that in controls (P<.001). Individual average loss rates (absolute loss compared with controls divided by disease duration) clustered around 0.22 +/- 0.09 mmol/L/year (1.7%/year, assuming monotonic decline).

Because the cone photopigment is, uniquely, exposed to the external solution, this may represent a direct effect of protons on the equilibrium between its inactive Meta I and active Meta II forms, consistent

with the notion that the process dominating recovery of the bright flash response represents quenching of the active Meta II form of the cone photopigment.”
“The aquatic microcosm study by Bjergager et VS-6063 mw al. (2011) on a mixture of the fungicide prochloraz and the insecticide esfenvalerate concluded that synergistic effects were found at environmentally realistic concentrations for these compounds and thus that current risk assessment procedures might underestimate the effects of synergistically interacting azoles and pyrethroids. Both prochloraz and esfenvalerate are registered in Europe and thus the relevance of the employed concentrations can be assessed against European surface water measurements and risk assessments procedures. A detailed comparison

of the employed concentration of prochloraz in the microcosm study with the concentration deemed acceptable in the European Union and those actually measured in the aquatic environment demonstrate that the employed prochloraz concentration was about two orders of magnitude too high. Therefore, on basis of the data presented by Bjergager et al. (2011) it cannot be concluded that current European single substance risk assessment procedures are insufficiently protective and that synergism actually occurs at environmentally relevant concentrations. Tariquidar (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Renal

fibrosis, particularly tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the common final outcome of almost all progressive chronic kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis is also a reliable predictor of prognosis and a major determinant of renal insufficiency. Irrespective of the initial causes, renal fibrogenesis is a dynamic and converging process that consists of four overlapping phases: priming, activation, execution and progression. Nonresolving inflammation after a sustained injury sets Dibutyryl-cAMP ic50 up the fibrogenic stage (priming) and triggers the activation and expansion of matrix-producing cells from multiple sources through diverse mechanisms, including activation of interstitial fibroblasts and pericytes, phenotypic conversion of tubular epithelial and endothelial cells and recruitment of circulating fibrocytes. Upon activation, matrix-producing cells assemble a multicomponent, integrin-associated protein complex that integrates input from various fibrogenic signals and orchestrates the production of matrix components and their extracellular assembly. Multiple cellular and molecular events, such as tubular atrophy, microvascular rarefaction and tissue hypoxia, promote scar formation and ensure a vicious progression to end-stage kidney failure.

An increment of 10 points in the weighted https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nu7441.html genetic risk score was associated with 0.8 (SE, 0.4), 0.8 (SE, 0.2), 1.4 (SE, 0.2), 1.5 (SE, 0.2), and 3.4 (SE, 1.0) kg/m(2) higher BMI across the 5 categories of TV watching (0-1, 2-5, 6-20, 21-40, and >40 h/wk; P for interaction = 0.001). In contrast, the genetic association with BMI weakened with increased levels

of physical activity. An increment of 10 points in the weighted genetic risk score was associated with 1.5 (SE, 0.2), 1.3 (SE, 0.2), 1.2 (SE, 0.2), 1.2 (SE, 0.2), and 0.8 (SE, 0.2) kg/m(2) higher BMI across the quintiles of physical activity. The interactions of TV watching and physical activity with genetic predisposition in relation to BMI were independent of each other.\n\nConclusions-A sedentary lifestyle, indicated by prolonged TV watching, may accentuate the predisposition to elevated adiposity, whereas greater leisure time physical activity may attenuate the genetic association. (Circulation. 2012;126:1821-1827.)”
“Background:

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine potency testing involves hundreds of animals each year. Despite considerable efforts during the past decades, a challenge-free alternative vaccine potency test to replace the European protective dose 50% test (PD50) has not been implemented yet. The aim of the present study was to further characterize the properties of serological vaccine potency models.\n\nMethods: Logistic regression models were built for 5 serological assays from 3 different laboratories. The serum samples originated from 5 repeated PD50 vaccine potency GDC941 trials with a highly potent A/IRN/11/96 vaccine. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to determine a serological pass mark for predicting in vivo protected animals. Subsequently, an estimated PD50 was calculated and the serotype dependency of the logistic models

was investigated.\n\nResults: Although differences selleck chemical were observed between the laboratories and the serological assays used, the logistic models accurately predicted the in vivo protection status of the animals in 74-93% of the cases and the antibody pass levels corresponded to 84-97% of protection, depending on the serological assay used. For logistic models that combine different serotypes, the model fit can be increased by inclusion of a serotype factor in the logistic regression function.\n\nConclusions: The in vitro estimated PD50 method may be at least as precise as the in vivo PD50 test and may accurately predict the PD50 content of a vaccine. However, the laboratory-effect and the serotype-dependency should be further investigated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The purpose of the present investigation was to encapsulate pure prednisolone (PRD) and PRD-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP beta CD) complex in cellulose-based matrix microspheres.

This suggests that the bioenergetically less efficient bd oxidase can compensate for deficient cytochrome c oxidase activity, highlighting the flexibility of the M. tuberculosis respiratory chain. A spontaneous mutation in the active site of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) suppressed phenotypes of the CcsX mutant and abrogated the activity of the disulfide bond-dependent alkaline phosphatase, which shows that VKOR is the major disulfide bond catalyzing protein

in the periplasm of M. tuberculosis.\n\nIMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires oxygen for growth; however, the biogenesis of respiratory chain components in mycobacteria has not been JQ1 explored. Here, we identified a periplasmic thioredoxin, CcsX, necessary for heme insertion into cytochrome c. We investigated the consequences of disrupting cytochrome c maturation (CCM) for growth and survival of M. tuberculosis in vitro and for its pathogenesis. Appearance of a second-site suppressor mutation in the periplasmic disulfide

bond catalyzing protein VKOR indicates the strong selective pressure for a functional cytochrome c oxidase. The observation that M. tuberculosis is able to partially compensate for defective CCM by upregulation of the cytochrome bd oxidase exposes a functional role of this alternative terminal oxidase under normal aerobic conditions and during pathogenesis. This suggests that targeting both oxidases simultaneously might be required to effectively disrupt respiration selleck inhibitor in M. tuberculosis.”
“Recently, a case of deep-lobe lipoma with enucleation was reported, but frozen-section biopsy for the confirmation of the malignancy was

not done. It has been suggested that lipoma in the deeper tissues should be regarded as a well-differentiated liposarcoma and be treated with wide excision. Our experience is that of a 75-year-old woman who had a mass with fat density in the deep lobe of the right parotid gland, which extended through the parapharyngeal and the buccal spaces. Lumpectomy with frozen-section biopsy was performed, not only preserving branches of facial nerve but GW-572016 molecular weight also ruling out the malignancy. Frozen-section biopsy showed a lipomatous lesion without malignancy, so further treatment such as total parotidectomy was not needed.”
“A protein of an apparent molecular mass of 14.4 kDa with antifungal activity was isolated from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce using extraction with 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH=8.0), precipitation with 80 % ammonium sulfate, and bioassay purification via Resource Q anion exchange chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The purified protein was putatively identified by tandem mass spectrometry with Mascot database searching, with the partial amino acid sequences showing a high degree of similarity to chicken egg white lysozyme. This putative plant lysozyme expressed antifungal activity with a rather high thermal stability of up to 80 degrees C for 15 min (at pH=8.0).