aureus was addressed and compared with that of standard quinolones. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were determined by flow cytometry, and killing was measured by a colony-count method. Garenoxacin at therapeutic concentrations affected neither phagocytosis

nor killing of Staphylococcus aureus NMS54. At supratherapeutic concentrations (1,500 selleck chemical mg/l) garenoxacin reduced and delayed phagocytosis like all other quinolones tested except norfloxacin. This decrease seems to be a result of inhibition of the oxidative burst of PMN and reduced CD11b expression at this supratherapeutic concentration. In conclusion, the alteration of CD11b expression of PMN caused by garenoxacin at 0.5, 5.0, and 100.0 mg/l is not considered to hamper the function of these first-line-defense phagocytes.”
“Introduction : The control of high

blood pressure (BP) remains insufficient in developed as well as in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the management of hypertension and the achievement of target BPs in a large population of hypertensive patients treated by Swiss primary care physicians. Methods. Data from 4594 hypertensive patients were collected and assessed for demographic data, mode of treatment and BP achievements for the overall population and for high-risk patients such as diabetics and patients with impaired renal function (CKD patients). Furthermore, we analysed the achieved BP in patients receiving single pill combinations or dual free combinations for the three most commonly prescribed substances. Results. In this large patient population, 84% of patients were receiving an antihypertensive find more treatment of which 54% showed BP control (<

140/90 mmHg or < 130/80 mmHg for diabetics and patients with CKD). Considering the higher BP target in the elderly, 60.6% of treated patients were on target. In contrast, 28.8% of treated diabetics and 29.7% of patients with impaired renal function met BP goals. Diuretics and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system were CH5183284 molecular weight the most commonly prescribed substances. High-risk patients and patients at advanced age (>= 80 years) received dual free combination more frequently than younger patients. The use of diuretics was particularly high because of the prescription of single pill formulations. Differences in the pattern of drug prescription were found according to the linguistic areas. Conclusion. The control of hypertension in the Swiss hypertensive population is relatively high but still insufficient particularly among high cardiovascular risk patients such as diabetics and patients with impaired renal function. A further improvement of BP control could perhaps be achieved with a greater use of single pill combinations particularly in patients with complicated hypertension.”
“Obesity increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) towards kidney failure and may preclude access to kidney transplantation.