Specificity and positive predictive value were 100% for all

criteria. Using a lack this website of bridging on CT or more than 1 degrees of intervertebral motion during flexion/extension increased the sensitivity to 85% and the negative predictive value to 85%.

Conclusion. A threshold level of 4 degrees of motion is commonly used to identify a pseudarthrosis. Our prospective study suggests that this value has a high PPV, but a low specificity and would miss many of the pseudarthroses that have angular motion less than 4 degrees (sensitivity 23%). By lowering the threshold for angular motion to 1 degrees, the sensitivity improves to 77%. CT scan has been touted as the gold standard, and it has a high positive predictive value of 100%. However, its NPV was slightly lower than using 1 degrees of motion on QMA analyzed flexion-extension films (73% vs. 79%). In conclusion, although CT scan has long been regarded as the gold standard for determining a pseudarthrosis in the cervical GSK3235025 spine, the interpretation is subjective and vulnerable to both type I and type II errors. Analysis of motion using Quantitative Motion Analysis is seemingly less subjective than CT and in our prospective study was more predictive of an operatively confirmed pseudarthrosis.”
“Progression

of episodic migraine to chronic migraine may be related to comorbid medical conditions. In this study, we focused on the role played by arterial hypertension in migraine transformation. Several studies reveal that hypertension

is associated with chronic migraine and may induce migraine chronification. Hypertension probably amplifies the effects of migraine on the vascular wall further enhancing the endothelial dysfunction in cerebral vasculature. Consequently, monitoring of blood pressure is recommended in migraineurs showing an otherwise unexplained increase in attack frequency. Studies are needed to verify if prophylactic treatment with drugs improving endothelial function (e.g. XMU-MP-1 solubility dmso calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, calcium inhibitors, ACE inhibitors and sartans) may selectively ameliorate the course of migraine in these patients.”
“Three isomeric tetraaryl cyanate esters containing biphenyl moieties bis-[4-(4'-cyanatophenyl)phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis-[4-(3'-cyanatophenyl)phenyl]propane, and 2,2-bis-[4-(2'-cyanatophenyl)phenyl]propane and three isomeric triaryl cyanate esters 2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]propane, 2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4'-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]propane, and 2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]propane were synthesized from their corresponding bisphenols. The structures of the monomers were confirmed with IR and H-1-NMR spectroscopy. The curing behavior was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. Cyanate esters were cured thermally in the absence of a catalyst and were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis. The results were compared to the properties of commercial bisphenol A polycyanurate.

52Rh0.48, which is generated by the optical heating. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3634114]“
“To investigate the ability of sensitive and tolerant variety of Brassica juncea to adapt to a saline environment in a field, we examined the activities of antioxidant enzymes in relation to photosystem II, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment concentration, protein (D1) and proline in plants exposed to salt stress. We observed a greater click here decline in the photosynthetic rate (Delta F/Fm’) and electron transport rate (ETRsat) and saturating photosynthetically active photo flux density (PPFDsat) under salt stress in var. Urvashi (sensitive variety)

than in var. Bio902 (tolerant variety). Var. Urvashi was found to be more sensitive to high salinity. In var. Bio902, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentrations were NVP-HSP990 higher than in the sensitive variety. Proline and protein contents were also higher in var. Bio902 as compared to their lower accumulation in var. Urvashi. The improved performance of the var. Bio902 under high salinity was accompanied by an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), though no salt-dependent increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) was observed. However, no such increase

in APX and CAT was observed in var. Urvashi, though there was significant increase in SOD activity. These results suggest Selleckchem Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library that var. Bio902 is potentially more tolerant to salt damage and is associated with better adaptive responses found in var. Bio902 than var. Urvashi. Increased photoinhibition in var. Urvashi as observed by its reduced thylakoid membrane protein, D1 probably results from the greater photosynthetic damage caused by salt stress than var. Bio902. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“A detailed

study on the resulting impurity profile in Si samples implanted with high doses of Ti and subsequently annealed by pulsed-laser melting (PLM) is reported. Two different effects are shown to rule the impurity profile redistribution during the annealing. During the melting stage, the thickness of the implanted layer increases while the maximum peak concentration decreases (box-shaped effect). On the contrary, during the solidifying stage, the thickness of the layer decreases and the maximum peak concentration increases (snow-plow effect). Both effects are more pronounced as the energy density of the annealing increases. Moreover, as a direct consequence of the snow-plow effect, part of the impurities is expelled from the sample through the surface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3626466]“
“Prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with implant-supported prostheses frequently presents a challenge for the oral surgeon because of the lack of bone due to alveolar ridge resorption or maxillary sinus pneumatization.

METHODS: This study longitudinally assessed corneal hysteresis (CH) and the corneal resistance factor (CRF) using the Ocular Response Analyzer in eyes having cataract surgery with LRIs. The relationship between these biomechanical parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT), measured using an ultrasound pachymeter, was also assessed.

RESULTS: The mean CH was 10.0 mm Hg +/- 1.2 (SD) preoperatively, 9.0 +/-

1.6 mm Hg 1 day postoperatively, 9.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg at 1 week, 9.6 +/- 1.4 mm Hg at 1 month, and 10.2 +/- 1.3 mm Hg at 3 months. The mean CRF was 10.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, 8.9 +/- 1.6 mm Hg, 9.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, 9.5 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, and 9.5 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, respectively. There were significant differences between preoperative and 1-day

postoperative measurements (P=.005, CH; P=.004, CRF). The CH and CRF were significantly correlated with CCT (r = 0.33, P=.04 and r = 0.40, P=.01, respectively) 3 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS: see more The CH and CRF values decreased 1 day after simultaneous cataract surgery with LRIs but soon recovered to preoperative levels, suggesting there were no significant changes in corneal biomechanical factors after 1 day. Corneal thickness may play a role in biomechanical factors even in such eyes.”
“We report DC magnetization, detailed systematic linear and nonlinear AC magnetic susceptibility and transport for a single phase RuSr2Eu1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-delta (EuRu-1222) magneto-superconductor. The studied sample is synthesized through standard solid state

SNX-5422 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor reaction route, which is crystallized in single selleckchem phase tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the studied EuRu-1222 is a magneto-superconductor with Ru spins ordering at around 110 K and superconductivity in the Cu-O-2 planes below approximate to 30 K. Temperature dependence of AC susceptibility with different frequency and amplitude variations confirms spinglass behavior with cluster ferromagnetism of the system. Change in the cusp position with frequency follows the Vogel-Fulcher law, which is commonly accepted feature for a spin-glass (SG) system with ferromagnetic clusters. The third harmonic of AC susceptibility (chi(3)) shows that the system undergoes a spin glass transition below 80 K. Superconducting transition temperature (T-c) onset and rho = 0 are seen at around 30 and 18 K without any applied field and the same decreases to 10 and 2 K under 130 kOe applied field. Also low fields isothermal (MH) suggests that ferromagnetic clusters are embedded in spin-glass (SG) matrix. The magnetization versus applied field (MH) loops exhibited ferromagnetic (FM) like behavior with rather small coercive fields. Detailed AC magnetic susceptibility measurements are carried out to unearth the short range magnetic correlations. These results support the spin-glass (SG) formation followed by ferromagnetic clustering effects at low temperatures.

Tensile modulus and strength decreased while the impact strength

and breaking elongation enhanced with blending elastomer concentration. The improved properties of these PP/EVA blends are encouraging for carrying out further work on this system (composites) and suggest potential Wortmannin ic50 high impact strength applications for PP. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 1905-1912, 2012″
“Empirical data for the fill factor as a function of charge carrier mobility for two different polymer: fullerene systems is presented and analyzed. The results indicate that charge extraction depth limitations and space charge effects are inconsistent with the observed behavior, and the decrease in the fill factor is, instead, attributed to the field-dependent

charge separation and geminate recombination. A solar cell photocurrent limited by the Onsager-Braun charge transfer exciton dissociation is shown to be able to accommodate the experimental observations. Charge dissociation limited solar cells always benefit from increased mobilities, and the negative selleck kinase inhibitor contribution from the reduced charge separation is shown to be much more important for the fill factor in these material systems than any adverse effects from charge carrier extraction depth limitations or space charge effects due to unbalanced mobilities. The logarithmic dependence of the fill factor on the mobility for such a process is also shown to imply that simply increasing the mobilities is an impractical way to reach very high fill factors under these conditions since unrealistically high mobilities are required. A more controlled morphology is, instead, argued to be necessary for high performance. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3609079]“
“Excessive softening of fruits during the ripening process leads to deterioration. This is of significant global importance as softening-mediated deterioration leads to huge postharvest losses. N-glycan processing enzymes are reported to play an important role during climacteric fruit softening: however, GSK1904529A cell line to date these enzymes

have not been characterized in non-climacteric fruit. Two ripening-specific N-glycan processing enzymes, alpha-mannosidase (alpha-Man) and beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (beta-Hex), have been identified and targeted to enhance the shelf life in non-climacteric fruits such as capsicum (Capsicum annuum). The purification, cloning, and functional characterization of alpha-Man and beta-Hex from capsicum, which belong to glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 38 and 20, respectively, are described here. alpha-Man and beta-Hex are cell wall glycoproteins that are able to cleave terminal alpha-mannose and beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine residues of N-glycans, respectively. alpha-Man and beta-Hex transcripts as well as enzyme activity increase with the ripening and/or softening of capsicum.

Social ranks (dominant, intermediate, and subordinate) of selleck pigs in each pen were determined by behavioral observation during 48 h post-mixing. Fecal samples were collected once per week for 5 wk. At slaughter, the 32 dominant and subordinate barrows and gilts (16/sex) were examined for hoof lesions, and luminal contents from ileum, cecum, and rectum were collected. Pigs fed RAC had increased growth performance (P < 0.05) with

social rank of animals affecting overall ADG (P < 0.05). Gilts gained more backfat than barrows when comparing to baseline values at both 10th and last ribs (P < 0.05), whereas loin eye area increased at a similar rate for both barrows and gilts (P > 0.10). No significant effect of RAC feeding was found on backfat or loin eye area (P > 0.10). At slaughter, RAC-fed pigs had greater BW (P < 0.05). Despite the positive effects of RAC feeding on growth performance, pigs fed the compound had a greater frequency of front and rear hoof lesions as did barrows and dominant individuals (P < 0.05). Detectable concentrations of Salmonella shedding were not identified at any time during the experiment. Enterobacteriaceae shedding concentrations

from RAC-fed pigs peaked at the first click here week of feeding and progressively decreased until slaughter. At slaughter, rectal and cecal Enterobacteriaceae concentrations were less in RAC-fed pigs than in CTL pigs (P < 0.05). Social rank tended to affect gut Enterobacteriaceae populations of barrows more than in gilts (P < 0.10). The effects of RAC feeding on hoof soundness and Enterobacteriaceae populations in the gastrointestinal tract of finishing pigs warrant further investigation. It is also proposed that the integration of the social rank status of

the individual into future studies should be considered, because it may affect treatment responses.”
“In this work, the optical nonlinear absorption characteristics of the crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films were investigated by performing z-scan measurements with nanosecond www.sellecn.cn/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html laser pulse. The experimental results showed that the nonlinear saturable absorption coefficient was as large as -10(-2) m/W for the excitation intensity lower than 0.17 GW/m(2). The nonlinear saturable absorption changed to the nonlinear reverse-saturable absorption with a coefficient of about | 10(-2) at the excitation intensity of above 0.17 GW/m(2). To explore the internal mechanisms, the first-principle theory was employed to calculate the electronic structure, and a five-level structure suitable for explanation of nonlinear absorption reversal was suggested. The theoretical calculation and analysis indicated that for the excitation intensity smaller than 0.17 GW/m(2), the contribution to the nonlinear saturable absorption is mainly from band-filling effect; for the excitation intensity larger than 0.

(c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Background: Major changes in bone status occur during puberty. Most longitudinal studies have shown no impairment in bone mineral density (BMD) in girls LY294002 with precocious (PP) and early puberty (EP) during and after GnRH agonist therapy.

Methods: In the present study we evaluated BMD, bone strength (BS) and bone metabolism in 26 girls with PP and with EP before and during treatment with GnRH agonist. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and BS was measured using the quantitative high frequency ultrasound technique at baseline, after 6 and 12 months from onset

of therapy. Variables were compared with age-and sex-matched values of the same population. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured at the same intervals.

Results:

Mean lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were significantly lower at baseline (LS: p<0.0001, FN: p<0.0017) compared with age-matched reference values. Bone strength was significantly lower at the radius (p<0.0001) HSP990 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor and normal at the tibia. A non-significant increase in BMD and a significant increase in BS were observed throughout the first year of therapy with GnRH agonist. Serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase measurements were normal at baseline and remained stable. Urinary deoxypyridinoline\creatinine measurements were significantly higher (p<0.0001) at baseline and decreased significantly (p<0.001) during treatment.

Conclusions: Girls with central idiopathic PP and EP have lower BMD and BS for chronological age and increased bone resorption selleck markers. These parameters show a trend of normalization during the first year of therapy with GnRH agonist.”
“This paper considers

farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to conserve an endangered Irish farmland bird, the corncrake (Crex crex). An Irish National Farm Survey is used to produce individual farm-level WTP estimates for the year 2006. These figures are then aggregated to obtain a total value figure for the farming community of corncrake conservation in Ireland. We focus on the willingness to pay of farmers rather than the WTP of the general Irish population, as farmers will ultimately be the ones that will have to take responsibility if targets set out in the All Ireland Action Plan for corncrake conservation are to be acheived. Quantifying willingness to pay on the part of farmers can help inform the design of agri-environment schemes aimed at improving conservation of many bird species on farmland. Results indicate that the non-market benefit of corncrake conservation in Ireland may significantly outweigh the costs of existing conservation schemes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Calcium demand is increased during pregnancy.

It may be very useful to monitor the patient’s cardiac activity during the whole hemodilaytic session. Nevertheless, the application of an extended

intradialytic electrocardiographic monitoring is not simple because of several technical and structural impairments. We tried to overcome these difficulties www.selleckchem.com/products/i-bet151-gsk1210151a.html using Whealthy, a wearable system consisting in a t-shirt composed of conductors and piezoresistive materials, integrated to form fibers and threads connected to tissutal sensors, electrodes, and connectors. ECG and pneumographic impedance signals are acquired by the electrodes in the tissue, and the data are registered by a small computer and transmitted via GPRS or Bluetooth.”
“Background: Animal models have shown that adipose-derived palmitoleic acid may serve as a lipokine that contributes to resistance to diet-induced obesity. Studies in humans have evaluated only plasma palmitoleic acid concentrations, which reflect stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity in the liver and are associated with increased risk of obesity. These apparent opposite effects of palmitoleic acid deserve further research in humans. Because carbohydrate intake can increase hepatic SCD1 activity, it could be used as a stratifying variable to disentangle the effects of adipose tissue SCD1 compared with the Doramapimod effects of liver SCD1 activity on obesity.

Objective: We examined whether the effects

of adipose tissue palmitoleic acid and SCD1 activity were associated with decreased obesity prevalence and whether this association

was modified by carbohydrate intake.

Design: Prevalence ratios (PRs) of obesity [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) >30] were examined in a cross-sectional study in 1926 adults in Costa Rica. Two desaturation indexes (16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0) were used as surrogate measures of adipose tissue SCD1 activity.

Results: We observed a positive association between adipose tissue palmitoleic acid concentrations and obesity (PR for lowest compared with highest quintiles of palmitoleic acid: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.38; P for trend < 0.0001). A significant selleck screening library association was also observed between obesity and adipose desaturation indexes. The association between adipose tissue palmitoleic acid concentrations and obesity was attenuated in persons with low carbohydrate intake.

Conclusions: There is no direct evidence that adipose tissue palmitoleic acid behaves as a lipokine to reduce obesity occurrence in humans. However, the attenuation of the association by low carbohydrate intake warrants further research on adipose-derived palmitoleic acid and obesity risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:186-91.”
“Lumbosacral spondylodiscitis, an unusual complication of abdominal sacrocolpopexy using synthetic polypropylene mesh is reported. A young sexually active female with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse was managed with abdominal hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy.

Graft reconstruction also increased contact areas beyond the lateral ligament-deficient conditions but altered center-of-pressure excursion patterns relative to the intact condition.

Conclusions: No lateral ankle ligament reconstruction completely restored native contact mechanics of the ankle joint

and hindfoot motion patterns.”
“Introduction Baf-A1 and objectives. The aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a genetic screening program for first-degree relatives of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), followed by treatment when necessary, compared with the alternative of no screening.

Methods. The cost-effectiveness analysis modeled the effect of statin treatment on individuals who were diagnosed with FH after genetic screening. The impact of uncertainty was evaluated using univariate probabilistic Copanlisib inhibitor sensitivity analysis. The alternate strategy considered was no screening. In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the number of life-years

gained (LYG) was regarded as the health outcome and the costs of screening, statin treatment, specialist consultations and hospital visits were all included. In addition, the expected value of perfect information was calculated as part of the sensitivity analysis.

Results. In the base case, the incremental cost of the screening program for close relatives was 3423 euros per LYG. Although the sensitivity analysis gave a range of results, the conclusions were not affected by changes in the parameters considered. The screening program was found to be better than the alternative considered at a probability level of 95% if the acceptable level of health-care costs was at least 7400 euros; per LYG.

Conclusions. This analysis indicates that a genetic screening program, supplemented by treatment, for the close relatives of individuals with FH is preferable to the alternative of no screening in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness.”
“Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are a group of organochlorinated compounds exhibiting dioxin-like

properties. Previously published data showed the direct action of PCN-rich Halowax 1051 on ovarian follicular steroidogenesis. Taking into consideration that the observed biological effects XAV-939 molecular weight of PCNs may be frequently side effects of metabolites generated by their detoxification, the aim of this study was to determine the activity and expression of enzymes involved in phase I (cytochrome P450, family 1 (CYP1A1)) and phase II (sulfotransferase (SULT1A) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)) detoxification metabolism. Cocultures of granulosa and theca interna cells collected from sexually mature pigs were exposed to 1 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL of Halowax 1051 for 1 to 48 hours, after which levels and activities of CYP1A1, SULT1A, and COMT were measured. Dose-dependent increases of CYP1A1 activity and expression were observed. High doses of Halowax 1051 were inhibitory to COMT and SULT1A activity and reduced their protein levels.

Patients with total humeral reconstruction had worse scores than those with distal humeral reconstruction. Twenty-four patients died of disease at a mean of thirteen months after surgery. Local tumor control was achieved in all patients. In the revision group, the mean Inglis-Pellicci score was 76 points. The Inglis-Pellicci score was significantly better for selleck products patients in the tumor group. Eight patients (15%) had a deep periprosthetic infection, requiring amputation in one patient (2%) and prosthetic

removal in two patients (4%). Four patients (8%) had the implants revised for aseptic loosening.

Conclusions: Modular prostheses of the distal end of the humerus provide a stable reconstruction of the elbow with satisfactory function GW786034 and disease control in patients with a tumor, but careful patient

selection is required when the prostheses are used for revision surgery in patients without a tumor.”
“A systematic investigation of structural and magnetic properties of FePt/FeRh bilayers has been carried out. The transition temperature of single FeRh layer is higher than that of FePt/FeRh bilayer. A sharp decrease in coercivity is observed at transition temperature for FePt/FeRh bilayer. The thickness FePt dependence of exchange bias field and unidirectional anisotropy constant are discussed. Of interest is the exchange bias effect that appears in FePt/FeRh bilayer and the unidirectional anisotropy constant, which is very large (up to 0.8 erg/cm(2)), suggesting that this system can be applied for spin-valve sensors and heat assisted magnetic recording medium. It may also provide some useful information for better understanding of the mechanism of exchange bias. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3062813]“
“To study the effects of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax (TZS) on CYP450

Dihydrotestosterone inhibitor activities in rats, six probe drugs (phenacetin, tolbutamide, metoprolol, midazolam, omeprazole, and bupropion) were simultaneously given to rats which were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 7 each): Control-group and TZS-group. In TSZ-group, rats were given 5 g/kg . d TSZ orally. Plasma concentrations of six probes were measured by LC-MS after administration for 14 consecutive days. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 program. The result showed there was no obvious difference in pharmacokinetic parameters for phenacetin, metoprolol, midazolam, omeprazole and bupropion, except tolbutamide. The MRT(0.t), MRT(0-infinity) and t(1/2) of tolbutamide in TZS-group were 5.696 +/- 0382, 5.810 +/- 0.503, and 330 +/- 1.16 h, where in control-group were 9.142 +/- 0.465, 9.497 +/- 0574, and 5.06 +/- 0.67 h, they were all shorten significantly (P < 0.01). In conclusion, TZS can induce the activity of CYP2C11 of rats significantly after intragastric administration for 14 days.

The dielectric structure consists of essentially two titanium films separated by a copper oxide (CuO) film, which is just like as a capacitor guaranteeing the initiator will not be discharged until the external voltage has exceeded the breakdown strength of the CuO film. Results of the electrical explosion experiment show that the breakdown strength of 1-mu m-thick CuO film is 60 V, and the initiator has “”late time discharge”" characteristics, which will improve the conversion ratio of the electricity greatly, and there

is a nanoscale exothermic reaction in the electrical explosion process. A systematic temperature measurement Stem Cell Compound Library cell assay model based on the “”double-line atomic emission spectroscopy of copper element”" was presented and used to test the explosion temperature and duration. The ejected explosion flame was seen clearly with a potential temperature exceeding 4500 K for 0.1 ms, 4250 K for 0.35 ms, and 4000 K for

0.5 ms. Besides, electric energy and exothermic reaction create high-temperature products, which discharge to a distance learn more of 1 cm or more. The high temperature and ejected products may be able to ignite the attached energetic materials even if the initiator makes no physical contact. These characteristics of the initiator may open a door to the preparation of the highly efficient and insensitive initiating explosive device. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3576138]“
“Chenopodium

HSP 抑制剂 quinoa (Willd.) is an Andean plant showing a remarkable tolerance to abiotic stresses. In Chile, quinoa populations display a high degree of genetic distancing, and variable tolerance to salinity. To investigate which tolerance mechanisms might account for these differences, four genotypes from coastal central and southern regions were compared for their growth, physiological, and molecular responses to NaCl at seedling stage. Seeds were sown on agar plates supplemented with 0, 150 or 300 mM NaCl. Germination was significantly reduced by NaCl only in accession BO78. Shoot length was reduced by 150 mM NaCl in three out of four genotypes, and by over 60% at 300 mM (except BO78 which remained more similar to controls). Root length was hardly affected or even enhanced at 150 mM in all four genotypes, but inhibited, especially in 13078, by 300 mM NaCl. Thus, the root/shoot ratio was differentially affected by salt, with the highest values in PRJ, and the lowest in BO78. Biomass was also less affected in PRJ than in the other accessions, the genotype with the highest increment in proline concentration upon salt treatment. Free putrescine declined dramatically in all genotypes under 300 mM NaCl: however (spermidine + spermine)/putrescine ratios were higher in PRJ than BO78.