The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value and prognostic significance of angiogenesis in human non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated by BCG immunotherapy. The frozen sections of 28
non muscle invasive bladder cancer specimens were stained with CD34 antibody to label the vascular endothelium using the standard streptavidinbiotin immunoperoxidase method. Angiogenic activity was measured using microvessel count determined by the expression of vascular markers CD34. The prognostic significance of tumor stage, grade, loci number, tumor size, age and CD34 expression in determining the risk for recurrence was studied with both univariate and multivariate methods C59 of analysis. According to univariate analysis of the prognostic significance for tumor stage, grade, tumor size, loci number, age and CD34 expression, in patients with NMIBC, the pT1 stage and high grade seem to be associated in a
statistically significant manner with higher risk for recurrence (P=0.004, P=0.004, respectively). In the other hand, multivariate Cox regression’s analysis showed that microvessel density and multiplicity were independent predictor of recurrence after BCG immunotherapy (p=0.016, p=0.032, respectively). This study provides strong YH25448 supplier evidence that CD34 MVD is associated with recurrence after BCG immunotherapy. Independent studies, however, will be required on larger cohort to validate these findings.”
“The aim of this study was to examine the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the cell viability and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1s (HIF-1s), bone morphogenic
protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin, type I collagen, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and Akt in hypoxic-cultured human osteoblasts. Human fetal osteoblast cells (cell line 1.19) were cultured under 1 % oxygen tension for 72 h. Cell cultures were divided into two groups. At the experimental side, low-level laser (808 nm, GaAlAs diode) was applied at 0, 24, and 48 h. After irradiation, each cell culture was incubated 24 h more under hypoxia. Total energy was 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 J/cm(2), respectively. Non-irradiated cultures served as controls. Comparisons between the two groups were analyzed by t test; a p value < 0.05 AP26113 mouse was considered statistically significant. Hypoxia resulted in a decrease in the expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and TGF-beta 1 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively). Cell viability and BMP-2 expression were not decreased by hypoxic condition. On the other hand, LLLT on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast promoted the expression of BMP-2, osteocalcin, and TGF-beta 1 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). Cell proliferation was also increased time-dependently. However, hypoxia decreased in type I collagen expression (p < 0.001), and LLLT did not affect type I collagen expression in hypoxic-cultured osteoblasts.