Middle panel: Thomas J. Wydrzynski, Govindjee and Julian Eaton-Rye. Right panel: Left to right: Anthony (Tony) W.D. Larkum and Govindjee Concluding remarks We wish success to Kris Niyogi and Richard

Debus, who will be the Chair and the Vice Chair, of the next Gordon Conference on Photosynthesis to be held in 2011. In 2010, however, we hope to see everyone at the 15th International Photosynthesis Congress to be held in Beijing, China, on PCI-34051 in vivo August 22–27, 2010 (see its web site: ). Their e-mail address is: [email protected]. I thank Wim Vermaas and Doug Bruce for their help with the section on the Awards. For the description on the Awardees, I am grateful to Crenolanib manufacturer Ana Andreea Arteni, Libai Huang, André Klauss, Gary F. Moore, Tim Schulte, and Jianzhong Wen for providing me information on their academic activities. I am especially thankful to Gennady Ananyev, Elmars Krausz, and Tony Larkum for the photographs. We thank Jacco Flipsen and this website Noeline Gibson, of Springer, for mailing the books for the 2009 awards to Doug Bruce, and Doug for bringing them all the way from Canada to the conference site! I end these remarks by expressing my appreciation to Hans J. van Gorkom (The Netherlands), Charles (Charlie) Yocum (USA), A. William Rutherford (France), and

Jun Minagawa (Japan) for valuable discussions on various aspects of photosynthesis at the 2009 conference. The current manuscript was read and approved for submission to ‘Photosynthesis Research’ by Wim Vermaas, Doug Bruce, and Kris Niyogi.”
“Introduction Cytokinins are plant hormones that play an important role in the development of plants (Kulaeva and Kusnetsov 2002). They influence several physiological processes throughout the plants’ life cycle, including photosynthesis and respiration. Treatment of plants with cytokinins results in delay of senescence and dark-grown seedlings grown in the presence of cytokinins show a morphology

identical to light-grown seedlings (Reski 1994). Plastids are the most important target of cytokinins. There are different forms of plastids and the transition of one type of plastid to another can be promoted Gefitinib mouse by plant hormones. Cytokinins promote the etioplast to chloroplast transition and the formation of the membrane system and components of the electron transport chain (Chernyad’ev 2000). The effects of cytokinins on chloroplasts are mostly related to their involvement in the control of expression of plastid proteins encoded in the nucleus and chloroplast (Schmulling et al. 1997; Ya et al. 2005). The chloroplasts have their own DNA, RNA, ribosomes, transcription and translation machinery. Most of the genes located in the plastid genome encode products that are related directly or indirectly to the function of the photosynthetic apparatus. They are translated within the chloroplast.