At selleck screening library pressure ranks of several thousands of MPa, the impact of the intermolecular repulsion is visible, and thus, a curve of increment of viscosity with increasing pressure asymptotically approaches to a constant value [34]. The exception is the impact

of the pressure on the viscosity Selleck INCB018424 of water and aqueous solutions. With the increase of the pressure to about 100 MPa and over a temperature to about 30°C, the viscosity of water decreases. The viscosity of water increases until from the pressures reaching a value of above 100 MPa and 30°C. Schmelzer et al. [36] measured the viscosity of water in the pressure range of 0 to 100 MPa and at the temperature range of 0°C to 25°C. This experiment confirmed the unique properties of water viscosity. Consideration of the viscosity of various types of liquids depending on the pressure is not only a theoretical issue, but has a large practical importance. Exact knowledge of the viscosity of water at various pressures is important in the interpretation of the impact of pressure on the heat transfer in the aqueous solutions, flow problems, and also on the electrical conductance of aqueous electrolytes [37, 38]. Horne

and Johnson [39] measured the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the viscosity of pure water in the pressure and temperature ranges of 1 to 2,000 kg/cm3 and 2°C to 20°C, respectively, with CHIR98014 in vitro a rolling ball type of viscometer. Using the same kind of viscometer, Stanley and Baten [40] measured the viscosity of water at pressures of 0 to 1,406 kg/cm3 and over a temperature range of 2°C to 30°C. In turn, Först et al. [41] presented experimental data for the viscosity of Gemcitabine clinical trial water at high pressures of up to 700 MPa in the temperature range of −13°C to 20°C with two different types of viscometers. Whereas, Grimes et al. [42] showed experimental data on the viscosity of aqueous

KCl solutions over the pressure range of 0 to 30 MPa and the temperature range of 25°C to 150°C using the oscillating-disk viscometer. The change of viscosity with pressure is of particular relevance in the field of lubrication. On the other hand, the knowledge on viscosity of hydrocarbon mixtures under high pressure is also significant in the petrochemical industry. Oliveira and Wakeham [43] measured the viscosity of five different liquid hydrocarbons at pressures of up to 250 MPa in the temperature range of 303 to 384 K with a vibrating-wire viscometer. Further, in the study of dynamic properties of ions or solvent particles at high pressures, the viscosity measurements of electrolyte solutions are important. The high-pressure viscosity is also relevant for many processes involving polymer solutions. From the other side, viscosity measurements under high pressures are also needed to estimate the diffusion rate of the particles in a fluid.