UFG and ZR conceived of the study, UFG designed and coordinated Pacritinib buy the study and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Supplementary Material Additional file 1: Comparison of genomic sequences from Ad2-ts1 and wild type Ad2. This table lists the differences in the genomes of Ad2-ts1 and wild type Ad2. Click here for file(1.1M, TIFF) Additional file 2: Characterization of wild type Ad2, Ad2-BAC46 and Ad2-ts1 virions. This files describes biochemical, morphological and biological features of Ad2 and Ad2-derived virions. Click here for file(852K, PDF) Acknowledgements We thank Hans-Gerhard Burgert for Ad2-BAC53, and Karin Boucke for expert help with EM analyses. Funding was obtained from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the University of Zurich (to UFG), and the German Research Foundation (DFG SFB 455 to ZR).

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is defined as an acute host reaction to various different stimuli, including both infectious and non-infectious causes. The definition of SIRS is based on physiological parameters including body temperature, heart beat rate, respiration rate (or oxygen saturation), as well as abnormalities in leukocyte counts (leukocytosis, an elevation of immature neutrophils or leukopenia) [1]. These criteria are easily applicable but also imply patients without major inflammatory disorders and are therefore not specific. In clinical routine it is of crucial importance to rapidly identify patients with SIRS due to infection (sepsis), as these patients require prompt appropriate management, as well as immediate antimicrobial therapy [2].

On the other hand, improper use of antibiotics in the hospital setting may favor the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria and may be associated with adverse drug reactions resulting in prolonged hospitalization and decreased cost efficiency [3,4,5]. On the basis of clinical criteria alone it is impossible to discriminate between septic patients and patients with SIRS due to other causes. Today, physicians often rely on classical microbiological methods, e.g. blood cultures, to identify possible infection sources. These methods, however, may need several days before results are gained. In contrast, molecular microbiological methods may provide results within hours, but require high amounts of financial as well as laboratory resources.

Further, only a limited spectrum of pathogens can be detected by some of these methods. Regardless of the method used, even negative results do not exclude severe infection. In the literature, the true positive rate of blood cultures is ranked between 5�C10% and a further five percent are false positives due to contamination [6,7,8]. Brefeldin_A The costs of unnecessary blood culture requests, especially when false positive are included, are substantial [9,10].