Treatment with 1-BH increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase

(AST) dose dependently. The hepatic contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances GSK461364 were significantly increased at 2000 mg/kg of 1-BH from 12 to 24 hr after the treatment. Oral 1-BH at 2000 mg/kg significantly suppressed production of splenic intracellular interleukin (IL)-2 in response to concanavalin A. Following treatment with 1-BH, three GSH conjugates such as S-hexyl GSH, S-hexyl cysteine, and hydroxyhexyl mercapturic acid were identified in livers by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The hepatic contents of GSH were maximally decreased 6 hr after treatment with 1-BH. GSH conjugates were also detected maximally in livers 6 hr after treatment. These results suggest that 1-BH could cause hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity as well as depletion of GSH content due to the formation of GSH conjugates with 1-BH in female BALB/c mice.”
“Background: selleck chemicals Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) often report the use of antiplatelet medications, even more commonly than the use of anticoagulants. The effect of antiplatelet drugs on the course of ICH is controversial. In this study,

our aim was to determine the effects of previous antiplatelet therapy on admission hematoma volume and hematoma expansion in patients with spontaneous ICH. Methods: A consecutive series of patients with a diagnosis of ICH who underwent

brain computed tomographic (CT) scans within 12 hours of symptom onset and a follow-up CT scan within 72 hours were included in the study. Hematoma volume was calculated by using the ABC/2 method on admission and follow-up images. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the independent role of antiplatelet use on baseline hematoma volume and hematoma expansion (defined as an increase in hematoma volume >12.5 mL or 33% of the baseline ICH volume). Results: A total of 153 patients were included in the study. Fifty-two (34%) patients were using Cyclosporin A antiplatelet drugs at the time of symptom onset. Antiplatelet users tend to have a larger baseline hematoma volume; however, this difference failed to reach statistical significance (P=.17). Antiplatelet therapy was found to be a significant determinant of substantial hematoma expansion, both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P<.01). Conclusions: Previous antiplatelet use significantly contributes to hematoma expansion in patients with ICH.”
“Background: Alterations in left ventricular (LV) twist (torsion) and untwist have been described for a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions. Little information is available regarding changes in these parameters during normal pregnancy.