” Thus, our findings are broadly consistent with the attention to memory model. However, this model has been the subject of debate. The principal criticism is that the parietal regions associated with visual attention are not the same regions associated with the successful retrieval of information from episodic memory. In a recent meta-analysis, Hutchinson et al. (2009) concluded that, within the IPL, activations associated with bottom-up attention are anterior to activations associated with

episodic retrieval. Further, within more dorsal regions of the parietal cortex, activations associated with top-down attention are more medial than activations associated with episodic FRAX597 clinical trial memory (see also Nelson et al., 2010). On the other hand, some overlap

between visual attention and episodic memory can be observed within the parietal cortex (Cabeza et al., 2011). In our own experiment, in IPS (Figure 2), a region that was defined by attention-related learn more activity, the Baseline Foil condition is far less active than any other condition (all p < 0.001), representing a standard parietal “old/new” effect thought to reflect memory retrieval or related processes (Wagner et al., 2005). Although it has become clear that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between parietal memory and attention systems, any complete account of the lateral parietal cortex must explain observed overlap between the neural correlates of attention and memory. A full resolution of this issue will likely tuclazepam hinge on further developments in our understanding of the extensive functional heterogeneity within lateral parietal cortex, which

appears to include several functional subdivisions (Nelson et al., 2010). It will also be important to investigate the relationship between attention and memory at the level of an individual’s anatomy (e.g., Sestieri et al., 2010), since normalization tends to blur boundaries between adjacent but functionally distinct regions. We have found that the dorsal attention network, although not typically associated with episodic retrieval, can make important contributions to episodic retrieval when the retrieval of perceptual details is required. We also found that the IPL—a region that has been consistently associated with the retrieval of information from episodic memory—actually shows reduced activity when visual attention is engaged during episodic retrieval ( Figure 2). This result was obtained even within a region of the IPL defined explicitly as tracking the retrieval of specific perceptual details ( Figures 4 and 5). A general finding in the perceptual domain is that attention-demanding tasks that activate the dorsal attention network also produce deactivation in the IPL, particularly the angular gyrus (e.g., Sestieri et al., 2010).