This was further supported by transmission electron microscopy images, where the nanoscale dispersion of organoclay was more homogenous throughout the irradiated polymer matrix compared to nonirradiated samples. TMPTA also increased the gel fraction yield, tensile properties and thermal stability of the irradiated neat EVA/SMR L and its nanocomposites.

TMPTA was found to act as a crosslink initiator, which promotes crosslink bridges via free radical mechanism in EVA/SMR L matrix. SEM observation shows that the fracture behavior of the irradiated neat EVA/SMR L and its nanocomposites with TMPTA is significantly different compared to the fracture behavior of the nonirradiated neat EVA/SMR L. The distinct failure surface structure formed in the irradiated samples with TMPTA explains the overall higher value of tensile β-Nicotinamide properties. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 865-874, 2010″
“PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of mechanical epithelial separation with an epikeratome on the histologic ultrastructure of epithelial flaps and stromal beds from human corneas.

SETTING: Departments of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, and Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai,

and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science and Medical GDC-0973 nmr Research Institute, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

METHODS: Eye-bank eyes were deepithelialized using an Epi-K epikeratome. Epithelial flaps and stromal beds were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining for types IV and VII collagens, integrins alpha(6) and beta(4), and laminin 5 was also performed.

RESULTS: Four eyes were evaluated. On scanning electron microscopy, the cleavage planes of epithelial flaps and stromal beds were relatively smooth. On transmission electron microscopy, epithelial flaps were separated partially within the lamina fibroreticularis and partially within the lamina lucida. Immunofluorescence

showed positive staining for type VII collagen and discontinuous staining for type IV collagen in stromal beds. Discontinuous linear staining for types IV and VII collagens was observed in epithelial flaps. Staining for integrins alpha(4) and beta(4) was positive in some regions and discontinuous in other regions of epithelial flaps. In stromal beds, integrins alpha(6) and beta(4) had a patchy expression Ion Channel Ligand Library order pattern. Staining for laminin 5 was intermittently positive along the basal side of epithelial flaps and stromal beds.

CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial flaps created with an epikeratome were mechanically separated partly within the lamina fibroreticularis and partly within the lamina lucida. Stromal beds had relatively smooth surfaces with no obvious trauma to Bowman layer.”
“Anticlastic deformation (AD) is an established mechanical property of isotropic solid bodies, which has been recently used to steer particle beams through channeling in Si crystals.