This region has not been shown to be involved in the binding of l-arginine or in the hexamerization of the protein. This domain could be implicated

in a specific interaction with the other Xer system factors, such as the PepA protein. Our experiments demonstrate that the α6-helix of ArgR can be mutated without reducing the protein’s ability to repress the expression of genes involved in arginine biosynthesis or its capacity to bind l-arginine or to form higher order structures. However, when the PLX4032 ic50 end of this helix is disrupted by additional residues, or by premature termination, its role in Xer site-specific recombination is severely hindered. Further studies will demonstrate the exact role of this region in the formation of the recombinational synapse and how it interacts with the Xer recombinational machinery. We would like to thank Dr Jannette Carey for supplying us with E. coli strain EC146(λAZ-7), Finbarr Hayes for supplying us with

plasmid pFH395, Aboud Mounayerdji for assistance with β-galactosidase assays and François Aller, Loubna Jouan, Manuela Villion, Maxime Leroux and Hua Liu for their assistance and advice. This work Ponatinib in vivo was supported by Discovery grant 106085-06 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. “
“Cell-surface expression of phytase allows the enzyme to be expressed and anchored on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris. This avoids tedious downstream processes such

as purification and separation involved with extracellular expression. In addition, yeast cells with anchored proteins can be used as a whole-cell biocatalyst with high value added. In this work, the phytase was expressed on the cell surface of P. pastoris with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring system. The recombinant phytase was shown to be located at the cell surface. The cell-surface phytase exhibited high activity with an optimal temperature Sclareol at 50–55 °C and two optimal pH peaks of 3 and 5.5. The surface-displayed phytase also exhibited similar pH stability and pepsin resistance to the native and secreted phytase. In vitro digestibility test showed that P. pastoris containing cell-surface phytase released phosphorus from feedstuff at a level similar to secreted phytase. Yeast cells expressing phytase also provide additional nutrients, especially biotin and niacin. Thus, P. pastoris with phytase displayed on its surface has a great potential as a whole-cell supplement to animal feed. Phosphorus is largely stored in most foods of plant origin as phytic acid (Oh et al., 2004). Monogastric animals lack a sufficient level of phytate-hydrolyzing enzymes in their gastrointestinal tracts, and so are unable to digest phytate efficiently. Furthermore, phytic acid acts as an antinutritional factor by interfering with absorption of divalent cations and amino acids in the gut.