These preferences suggest that a more extensive Canadian study is warranted. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“Background: Distal radial fracture characterization with standard radiographs has been consistently poor, leading to a widespread use of computed tomography (CT) with this injury. Traction

radiographs have recently been shown to improve interobserver reliability for fracture characterization and treatment. Our goal was to compare five traction radiographs and CT images to evaluate the interobserver EX 527 solubility dmso and intraobserver reliability of individual fracture fragment identification, the correct identification of fracture fragments on CT imaging compared with traction images, and the consistency of treatment recommendations.

Methods: Eleven observers were asked to evaluate two blinded presentations of either traction images or CT images displaying seventeen different intra-articular distal radial fractures. Each observer was then asked to identify the presence or absence of six specific fracture fragments (radial column, dorsal wall, dorsal ulnar corner, volar ulnar corner, volar rim, and central impaction) and recommend treatment (nonoperative, open reduction and internal fixation, and external fixation or distraction plating). Analyses were

conducted to evaluate the interobserver reliability of traction images and CT images for fracture fragment identification, the intraobserver variability of fracture fragment identification, the correct fracture fragment identification with traction radiographs compared with a gold standard CT scan, and the Selleckchem Sotrastaurin consistency in treatment selection.

Results: Interobserver

reliability for traction images and CT images were both fair to poor. Intraobserver variability for fragment identification AG-014699 was similar for each fragment, without significance. Treatment recommendations based on traction radiographs agreed in 80.9% of the cases for open reduction and internal fixation and in 67.9% for external fixation compared with CT images.

Conclusions: Traction radiographic images are a suitable alternative to CT imaging for identifying and assessing distal radial fractures.”
“Many large-scale studies on intrinsically disordered proteins are implicitly based on the structural models deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Yet, the static nature of deposited models supplies little insight into variation of protein structure and function under diverse cellular and environmental conditions. While the computational predictability of disordered regions provides practical evidence that disorder is an intrinsic property of proteins, the robustness of disordered regions to changes in sequence or environmental conditions has not been systematically studied. We analyzed intrinsically disordered regions in the same or similar proteins crystallized independently and studied their sensitivity to changes in protein sequence and parameters of crystallographic experiments.