Their compositions in the SSBs in question are less than in the EcoSSB, at 61.0%. Moreover, the FpsSSB and PinSSB have a lower content of these residues, at 54%, than the TteSSB3, at 56%. The composition of the small and

tiny residues in the PprSSB, at 50%, and the PtoSSB, at 52%, is even less than in the TmaSSB, at 53%. Aromatic amino acid residues are known to play an important role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Psychrophilic proteins usually display a decrease in these amino acids. The psychrophilic SSBs deviate from this rule; all of proteins investigated Alpelisib nmr show a higher content of these residues than the EcoSSB, at 6.6%. The FpsSSB has the same number of aromatic amino acids in its sequence as the TteSSB3, namely 9.3%. It was also observed that, in psychrophilic proteins, the number of hydrophobic

amino acids is lower than for their mesophilic counterparts. The content of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the DpsSSB, Selleck Gemcitabine FpsSSB, ParSSB, PcrSSB, PinSSB, PprSSB, and PtoSSB is 44.2%, 39.9%, 46.5%, 44.2%, 42.0%, 46.0% and 41.7%, respectively. The number of these residues in the psychrophilic SSB proteins is less than in the EcoSSB, at 52.7%. Moreover, the aromatic residue content in the ParSSB and PprSSB is close to that of the TmaSSB, at 46.9%. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the DpsSSB, FpsSSB, PinSSB and PtoSSB shows the presence of cystein residues to a number of 1, 2, 1, and 3, respectively. To date, these amino acid residues have not been found in any known SSBs.

A residue such as proline or cystein has a significant impact on the stability and rigidity of the conformational structure of proteins. The presence of cystein residues in psychrophilic SSBs may affect their stability, particularly if disulphide bridges are formed. Single strand DNA binding proteins have the property of causing the destabilization of duplex DNA and the same is true of the psychrophilic SSBs under study. The greatest decrease in dsDNA melting temperature was observed in the presence of the PtoSSB, at 17°C, which was a more substantial change than in the presence of the EcoSSB, TaqSSB or TthSSB, at 13°C in each case [40–42]. Studies of other SSBs have Tolmetin often shown that the size of the binding site depends on the salt concentration. At least two distinctly different DNA-binding modes have been described for the EcoSSB, for example [3]. In high salt concentrations, 65 nucleotides bind per EcoSSB tetramer, with a fluorescence KU55933 manufacturer quench of almost 90% whereas, in low salt concentrations, 35 nucleotides are sufficient to saturate the protein and quench its fluorescence by only 53%. Our current study has demonstrated that the binding site size of the DpsSSB, ParSSB, PcrSSB, PinSSB, PprSSB and PtoSSB has a constant value of approximately 30–32 nucleotides per tetramer, with one, salt-independent, DNA-binding mode.