The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a worldwide pest of numerous crops with tomato, bean and cucurbit crops being attacked most often ( Jepson et al., 1975) while the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus

evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) attacks host plants such as nightshade, tomato, eggplant and potato ( Moraes et al., 1987). However, both spider mites are web spinning and occur during prolonged, hot and dry periods ( Huffaker et al., 1969, Moraes et al., 1987 and Knapp et al., 2003). Because of difficulties associated with their control and huge economic losses thereof, there is much interest in the search for alternative

control measures especially biological control. Effort is currently being devoted Veliparib in vitro to the search for natural enemies of T. evansi because most predatory phytoseiids used in the control of other spider mites such as T. urticae are not effective for its control especially in regions where it is considered exotic ( Moraes and selleck products McMurtry, 1985, Moraes and McMurtry, 1986, Fiaboe et al., 2006, Furtado et al., 2006 and Furtado et al., 2007). Interest in the use of acaropathogenic fungi for the control of spider mites has also increased in recent years ( Chandler et al., 2000, Van der Geest et al., 2000 and Wekesa et al., 2005). However, biological control can be challenging as spider mites are known

to perform differently on different host-plant species in terms of survival and fecundity ( Gould, 1978). For instance, Agrawal (2000) collected several hundred T. urticae from cotton, bean, roses, and morning glory (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and maintained them on cotton ADP ribosylation factor and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for several generations before using the reversion lines on cotton and concluded that local adaptation to host plants may be genetically correlated with reduced performance on other hosts and with altered host-plant preference. Generally, most herbivorous arthropods are restricted to feeding on relatively few plant families, and it is believed that this host-range limitation may be due to fitness costs associated with alternative hosts ( Fox and Morrow, 1981). Trade-offs in fitness arises from differential adaptations to plant defenses such as ability to detoxify toxic allelochemicals and the benefits derived from these chemicals ( Gould, 1979). Neozygites floridana (Weiser and Muma) Remaudiére and S. Keller (Zygomycetes: Neozygitaceae) is a fungal pathogen that is an important natural enemy of T. urticae and T. evansi and it is a major mortality factor that causes decline in field populations of T. urticae attacking different crops such as corn ( Smitley et al., 1986), peanuts ( Boykin et al., 1984), soybean ( Klubertanz et al.