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“The present work investigated on carotenogenesis with high beta-carotene content by a new isolated high-activity strain-producer Rhodotorula acheniorum mutant MRN in cheese whey

ultrafiltrate. After a serial of UV, ethymethanesurfonate (EMS), and nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis, a mutant named MRN of the red lactose-positive yeast strain R. acheniorum was obtained. Then, the effects of different growth medium factors on carotenoid production by this mutant at batch-scale level were identified and optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM) in order to achieve high-level production of beta-carotene. The optimum conditions required to achieve the highest level of beta-carotene (262.12 +/- 1.01 mg/L)

were determined as follows: whey ultrafiltrate (WU) lactose concentration 55 g/L, pH 5.85, ammonium sulfate concentration 3.5 g/L, temperature ITF2357 23A degrees C, and aeration rate 1.56 vvm. The medium optimization resulted in a 6.45-fold increase in volumetric production (262.12 +/- 1.01 mg/L) and a 4.62-fold increase in the cellular accumulation (10.69 +/- 0.19 mg/g) of beta-carotene.”
“Epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) thick films of 2.0-3.0 mu m thickness were grown at 600 degrees C on (100)(c)SrRuO3 parallel to(100)SrTiO3 and (100)(c)SrRuO3 parallel to(100)LaNiO3 parallel to(100)CaF2 substrates by pulsed-metal organic chemical vapor deposition. All films showed (100) and/or (001) orientations with tetragonal symmetry. It was found that there is AZD8055 clinical trial an almost linear relationship between the estimated thermal strain from the deposition temperature to the Curie temperature and the volume fraction of (001) orientation in the mixture of (100) and (001) orientations for the films on check details both substrates. Consequently, the perfectly (001)-oriented, i.e., polar-axis-oriented, PZT thick films were obtained on CaF2 with the Zr/(Zr+Ti) ratio from 0.20 to 0.40. Moreover, the lattice parameter of a- and c-axes and their ratio (c/a) of those polar-axis-oriented films

were almost the same as the reported data for the powder, suggesting that the large strain is not remaining in those films. The relative dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) of the polar-axis-oriented Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O-3 thick film on CaF2 was 180 at 1 kHz, which is lower than that of (100)/(001)-oriented thick films on SrTiO3 but almost agrees with the theoretically calculated value for the c-axis of PZT single crystals. Well saturated polarization-electric-field hysteresis loops with a good square shape were observed for the polar-axis-oriented thick films, and the saturation polarization and the coercive field values were 74 mu C/cm(2) and 64 kV/cm, respectively. These data clearly show that the electrical properties of the polar-axis-oriented epitaxial thick films are similar to the theoretical predictions for PZT single crystals.