“
“The monitoring and characterization of laser-heated crack by the laser ultrasonics technique GSK1838705A mw are reported. In comparison with existing studies, where the Rayleigh and bulk skimming waves were generated by laser-induced line source, the point source is used here. Crack closure by thermoelastic stresses modifies the propagation paths of the acoustic rays from a point source to a point receiver.

Thus, the arrival times of the acoustic waves contain useful information on the state of crack closure induced by a particular level of laser heating. An important dependence of the detected signals on the initial width/state of the crack and a presence of local necks/narrowings AZD8186 mw in the crack are revealed. It is demonstrated that the mode conversion of the incident skimming longitudinal bulk waves into the transmitted Rayleigh waves is

very sensitive to imperfectness of cracks closure. The proposed interpretation of the laser-ultrasonics experimental observations is supported by atomic force microscopy measurements. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://0-dx.doi.org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1063/1.4772644]“
“Objective: Psychological thriving reflects a trajectory of growth over time as opposed to scaling back expectations. Whether thriving is a product, precursor, or process of coping with arthritis-related limitations is unclear. We examined associations between thriving, coping efficacy, and expectations for future growth in individuals with arthritis, and the relations of thriving to depressive symptoms BYL719 solubility dmso and retrospective perceptions of personal growth over a six-month period.\n\nMethods: A sample of 423 people with arthritis

completed measures of thriving, coping efficacy, depressive symptoms, and expectations for future growth; 168 individuals completed a six-month follow-up survey. Structural equation modeling analyses compared three possible models of psychological thriving, controlling for disease. related variables. Hierarchical regression analyses of the cross-lagged associations of thriving with retrospective perceptions of positive personal change and depressive symptoms were also conducted.\n\nResults: Structural equation analyses suggest that the process model in which thriving and coping efficacy jointly predicted expectations for future growth best fit the data. Baseline thriving was also associated with retrospective perceptions of personal growth at follow-up and fewer depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up, after controlling for disease-related variables.\n\nConclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that psychological thriving is synergistically related to coping efficacy, and to expectations for future growth and less depression, in people with arthritis.