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Competing interests The Citarinostat cost authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions FF conceived the study, was involved in the study design, performed the laboratory experiments and analysis and wrote the manuscript. RPR was involved in the study design and the drafting of the manuscript. GFF was involved in drafting of the manuscript. CS was involved in the study design and drafting of the manuscript. PDC conceived the study, was involved in the study design, interpretation of the data and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read

and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that thrives in a broad range of ecological niches. In addition, it can infect hosts as diverse as plants, nematodes, and mammals. In humans, it is an important opportunistic pathogen in Emricasan mw compromised individuals, such as patients with cystic fibrosis, severe burns, or impaired immunity [1, 2]. P. aeruginosa is difficult to control because of its ability to develop resistance, often multiple, to all current classes of clinical antibiotics [3–5]. The discovery of novel essential genes or pathways that have not yet been targeted by clinical antibiotics can underlie the development of alternative effective antibacterials to overcome existing PRKD3 mechanisms of resistance. Whole-genome transposon-mutagenesis (TM) followed by identification of

insertion sites is one of the most practical and frequently used experimental approaches to screen for essential bacterial genes [6–8]. Genome-wide surveys of essential genes in P. aeruginosa have been accomplished by saturating TM through a “negative” approach [9, 10], specifically, by identifying non-essential genomic regions by transposon insertion and deducing that non-inserted genome stretches are essential. However, this approach can suffer from some systematic biases that generate both false positives and negatives [7]. For example, even if comprehensive insertion libraries are produced, it is inevitable that some genes, especially the shortest ones, could elude insertion and be spuriously annotated as essential, while transposon insertions that occur at gene ends and do not fully inactivate the function could lead to genes being incorrectly classified as non-essential. To filter errors resulting from these intrinsic biases in the “negative” TM approach, a statistical framework has recently been developed and tested in P. aeuginosa PAO1 and Francisella tularensis novicida[7] TM datasets.