Patient data including age, gender, laboratory data, and the clinical and pathological diagnoses were electronically recorded at each

institution and registered on the web page of the J-RBR utilizing the system of Internet Data and Information Center for Medical Research (INDICE) in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN). The ethical committee of the Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences comprehensively approved the study, and a local committee of participating EPZ015938 price centers and their affiliated hospitals individually approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained

from the patients at the time of biopsy or before participation in the study. The J-RBR is registered to the Clinical Trial Registry of UMIN (registered number UMIN000000618) and is available in Japanese and English. Clinical or renal histopathological diagnosis and laboratory data Three classifications, clinical diagnosis, histological diagnosis by pathogenesis, and histological diagnosis selleck inhibitor by histopathology, were selected for each case (Supplementary Table) from the J-RBR. The classification of clinical diagnoses was determined as follows: acute nephritic syndrome, rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome, recurrent or persistent hematuria, chronic nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, renal disorder with metabolic disease, renal disorder with collagen disease or vasculitis, hypertensive nephropathy,

inherited renal disease, acute renal failure, drug-induced nephropathy, renal transplantation, and others. The definitions of the former five clinical diagnoses were based on the clinical syndromes and glomerular histopathology in the classification of glomerular diseases [11]. Acute nephritic syndrome was defined as a syndrome characterized Oxalosuccinic acid by the CBL0137 cost abrupt onset of hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, decreased glomerular filtration, and edema. Rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome was defined as an abrupt or insidious onset of hematuria, proteinuria, anemia, and rapidly progressing renal failure. Recurrent or persistent hematuria included the insidious or abrupt onset of gross or microscopic hematuria with little or no proteinuria and no evidence of other features of nephritic syndrome. Chronic nephritic syndrome was defined as slowly developing renal failure accompanied by proteinuria, hematuria, with or without hypertension. Nephrotic syndrome was defined as massive proteinuria >3.5 g/day and hypoalbuminemia of <3 g/dL of serum albumin with or without edema or hypercholesteremia.