One hundred and nine morbidly obese patients (BMI = 49.1 +/- 7.7 kg/mA(2)) were genotyped for three polymorphisms c.A118G of mu opioid receptor (OPRM1), c.C3435T of the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1), and p.Val158Met of

catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT). Allelic frequencies were 118G-0.22, C3435-0.55, and 158Met-0.5 in our whole population and 0.23, 0.5, and 0.47 in Caucasian population. Allelic frequencies did not differ according to gender. Mean BMI did no differ according to the allelic variant. OPRM1118G allele was more frequent OSI-906 inhibitor in our population than in most previously described European populations. Since the concept of “”personalized medicine”" promises to individualize therapeutics and optimize medical treatment in term of efficacy and safety, especially when prescribing drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as morphine, further clinical studies examining the clinical consequences of the OPRM1 c.A118G polymorphism in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery are needed.”
“With the objective of the production of xylanase, local raw material (rice husk) and the indigenous isolate, Aspergillus niger ITCC 7678, were studied. Optimization of the cultivation system for enhancing xylanase production was studied via submerged fermentation. Statistical procedures were employed to study the effect of process variables, such as alkali-pretreated rice husk (as

carbon source), NaNO3 (as nitrogen source), KH2PO4, learn more KCl, Tween 80 (as surfactant),

MgSO4, FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O, pH, particle size, agitation, and temperature, on xylanase production by A. niger. The effect and significance of the variables was studied using Plackett-Burman (PBD) and central composite statistical design (CCD). It was found that alkali pretreated rice husk (weight/volume), pH, temperature, and NaNO3 significantly influence xylanase production. So, these four factors were further optimized by CCD, and it was found that maximum xylanase activity of 10.9 IU/ml was observed selleckchem at (6.5 % w/v) rice husk, pH (5.5), temperature (32.5 A degrees C), and NaNO3 (0.35 % w/v) concentration. Under optimum conditions, xylanase production was also studied at the bioreactor level and showed 12.8 % enhanced xylanase activity.”
“Aims: To report interpatient, intrapatient, and study site variability of urodynamic study (UDS) parameters in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: Fifty-eight patients with OAB participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, urodynamic trial of an experimental OAB drug. Patients underwent 3 serial cystometries (CMGs) at three times: screening, pre-dose, and 4-hr postdose. This post hoc analysis describes intrapatient, interpatient, and site variability for the 6 CMGs prior to administration of study drug. Sites were given standard procedures for equipment calibration and UDS technique.