It improved patient prostate specific antigen, American Urological Association symptom score and maximum urinary flow Blasticidin S rate independent of the amount of benign prostatic hyperplasia present. Our results demonstrate the advantage of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate to treat all prostates regardless of size with favorable and equivalent outcomes.”
“Confronting another individual or group

motivated by the same goal is a very frequent situation inhuman communities that occurs in many other species. Competitive interactions emerge as critical situations that shed light on the effects and consequences of social stress on health. But more important than the situation itself is the way it is interpreted by the subject. This “”appraisal”" involves cognitive processes that contribute to explaining GSK872 the neuroendocrine response to

these interactions, helping to understanding the vulnerability or resistance to their effects. In this review, we defend the need to study human competition within the social stress framework, while maintaining an evolutionary perspective, and taking advantage of the theoretical and methodological advances in psychology and psychophysiology in order to better understand the cognitive processes underlying the social stress response in humans. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Patients with Gleason score 6 microfocal prostate cancer, defined as 5% or less in 1 biopsy core, are often considered to have favorable disease. Few studies have addressed clinical parameters that predict pathological upgrading or up staging at radical prostatectomy.

Materials and Methods: learn more From a prospective database of 1,271 consecutive robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies performed from 2003 to 2008 patients with Gleason score 6 microfocal prostate cancer were identified. Adverse pathological outcome was defined

as any upgrading and/or up staging on prostatectomy pathological findings. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the ability of patient age, clinical stage, the total number of biopsy cores, preoperative prostate specific antigen, prostate volume and pathological prostate specific antigen density to predict adverse pathological outcomes.

Results: A total of 192 patients with a median age of 59 years (range 42 to 73) were identified with Gleason score 6 prostate cancer involving 5% or less of 1 biopsy core, including 177 (92%) with clinical T1c disease. Mean +/- SD preoperative prostate specific antigen was 6.0 +/- 3.9 ng/ml (range 0.8 to 35). Overall 42 patients (22%) had adverse pathological outcomes, including upgrading in 35 (18%) and up staging in 16 (8%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age more than 65 years and pathological prostate specific antigen density greater than 0.