In Amacayacu, the

number of species shared by plots in terra firme forests was found to be significantly different from those occurring in the flood forests (várzea) (Table 2) (p = 0.028 when comparing the relatively species rich terra firme plots with the relatively species poor várzea plots, and p < 0.001 for the reciprocal comparison). Thus our sampling efforts revealed significant differences in macrofungal biodiversity between the Araracuara and Amacayacu regions, and between várzea and terra firme forests in the Amacayacu region. Cluster analysis provides for a more detailed illustration of these patterns. ABT-263 solubility dmso Two main clusters for macrofungal species composition appeared (Fig. 6a). One group comprised the Amacayacu plots and the other represented those from

Araracuara. The latter formed two subclusters, namely one comprising plots buy KU-60019 AR-18y, AR-23y, AR-30y, AR-42y and AR-PR, and a second one with the most disturbed plot (AR-1y) and the primary forest plot (AR-MF). In the first subcluster all plots, except AR-PR, corresponded to patches of forests that varied

in age between 18 and 42 years of regeneration Cell Penetrating Peptide after the chagras were abandoned. The analysis of the Amacayacu plots yielded two subclusters with one containing the terra firme forests (AM-MF and AM-RF) occurring on the high terraces, and the other consisting of plots located in flooded areas (AM-FPF and AM-MFIS) (Fig. 6a). Fig. 5 Accumulation graphs of the macrofungal species in Araracuara, Peña Roja and Amacayacu showing the increase of species after the collection trips (left panel). The dots represent the real (overall) data, whereas the lines are based on ‘record based rarefaction’ with 100 randomizations of records in which a record represents all sporocarps of a species at a certain space/time combination (i.e., a sample). The advantage of this method is that information on patchiness is maintained and the ‘record based’ rarefaction provides sufficient resolution leaving small jumps on the x- and y-axis. For comparison the randomization results of a study in a temperate Swiss forest (Straatsma et al.