Figure 7 Spatial mean free and bound doxorubicin extracellular concentration in tumour as a function of time under thermosensitive liposome delivery and 2-hour infusion (dose = 50mg/m2). Figure 8 Spatial mean free and bound doxorubicin extracellular concentration in normal tissue as a function of time under thermosensitive liposome delivery and 2-hour infusion of nonencapsulated doxorubicin (dose = 50mg/m2). Despite thermosensitive liposome

delivery gives higher peak values for both free and bound extracellular concentrations of doxorubicin in normal tissues, the concentration level is still lower than the half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC) of doxorubicin in normal tissue, which is 4.13 × 10−5kg/m3 [47]. However, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the rate of cell killing is found to be related to the area under the extracellular Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical concentration curve (AUCe) [48, 49]. A simplified model in literature [49] shows that the logarithmic value of cell survival fraction is proportional to the AUCe. Values for AUCe under 2-hour infusion and thermosensitive liposome delivery are

compared in Table 4 which shows that the 2-hour infusion leads to high AUCe in the first 48 hours of the treatment, suggesting that 2-hour direct infusion of doxorubicin is likely to cause more cell death in normal tissues than thermosensitive liposome delivery. Table 4 AUCe with various drug delivery Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical modes in the first 48 hours. Because heating can be controlled and localised in tumour, the temperature in normal tissues would be lower than the hyperthermia temperature required for the release of doxorubicin from Oligomycin A structure liposomes. During the heating period, doxorubicin

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical enters normal tissue only by during diffusion and convection from tumour. This leads to doxorubicin being mainly concentrated in the region surrounding the tumour, as shown in Figure Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 9(b). However, under 2-hour direct infusion, doxorubicin is carried by blood into normal tissues. This leads to doxorubicin concentration reaching a higher level in the entire region of normal tissues, shown in Figure 9(a). Hence, thermosensitive liposome-mediated drug delivery performs Cilengitide better in reducing drug concentration in the main region of normal tissues, which may help lower the risks of associated side effects. Figure 9 Spatial distribution of free doxorubicin extracellular concentration in normal tissues at 25-hour with 2-hour infusion and liposome delivery (dose = 50mg/m2). Figure 10 presents the intracellular doxorubicin concentration in tumour for thermosensitive liposome delivery and 2-hour direct infusion. The intracellular concentration under 2-hour direct infusion displays a quick rise after drug administration until it reaches a peak and then decreases. The intracellular concentration under thermosensitive liposome delivery remains at zero until 24 hours, but there is a sharp rise to a high peak immediately after heating.