Epithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase, also known as bone marrow X kinase, is one member of the Tec family of non receptor tyrosine kinases. ETK contains a PH domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 do main from the amino terminus, and the kinase domain in the carboxyl terminus. ETK is expressed in epi thelial cells and distributed in lympho haematopoietic cells. ETK can be activated by several extracellular stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix and hormones. ETK is a major regulatory molecule in various cell signal pathways, and therefore plays an important role in the initiation, transformation, progression and metastasis of cancer. It has been proven that ETK is a critical mediator of Src induced cell transformation and STAT3 activation.

Src ETK STAT3 is an important pathway in cellular transform ation. However the expression and role of ETK in renal {read more here| inhibitor|selleck|selleckchem|PF-04620110 concentration cell carcinoma still remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that ETK ex pression was upregulated in RCC tissue samples and cell lines. The overexpression of ETK was correlated with clinical stage, tumor grade, metastasis and survival time. Furthermore, ETK regulated cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of RCC. Our results suggest that ETK is a potential prognostic factor and may serve as a drug therapeutic target for RCC. Methods Tissue microarrays Our tissue microarrays contain 90 specimens of RCC and 30 specimens of paracancerous normal renal tissues from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University between January 2005 and November 2011.

All RCC patients were treated read full articleSofosbuvir PSI-7977 by radical nephrec tomy. All samples were histologically confirmed. Among 90 RCC patients, there were 55 male and 35 female at a mean age of 55. 2 years. Tumors were staged according to the 2009 TNM staging system and graded according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. The Medical Ethics Committee of Sun Yat sen University approved this studys protocol. Cell culture Five human RCC cell lines 786 O, 769 P, A 498, ACHN, OS RC 2 and a normal renal proximal tubular cell line HK 2 were used in this study. 786 O, 769 P, ACHN and OS RC 2 were purchased from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. A 498 and HK 2 were conserved in the lab of Research Center for Clinical La boratory Standard of Sun Yat sen University.

786 O, 769 P and OS RC 2 were cultured in RPMI 1640, A 498, ACHN and HK 2 were maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Immunohistochemistry and evaluation of ETK expression Tissue microarrays were deparaffinized with xylene and rehydrated through graded alcohol washes, followed by antigen retrieval by heating sections in sodium citrate buffer for 10 min. The sections were incubated with 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min to block endogenous peroxidase activity at room temperature.