e , Social Information-Processing Model of Children’s Adjustment<

e., Social Information-Processing Model of Children’s Adjustment

[N. R. Crick & K. A. Dodge. 1994] and the Schematic-Processing Model of Sex Role Stereotyping [C. L. Martin & C. F. Halverson, 1981]). The proposed model Suggests several individual- and group-level effects and the available evidence for each of these hypotheses is discussed. The ways selleck chemical in which the proposed model may guide future research in the field are presented.”
“This article presents a dual system model (DSM) of decision making under risk and uncertainty according to which the value of a gamble is a combination of the values assigned to it independently by the affective and deliberative systems. On the basis of research on dual process theories and empirical research in Hsee and Rottenstreich (2004) and Rottenstreich and Hsee (2001) among others, the DSM incorporates (a) individual differences in disposition to rational versus emotional decision making, (b) the affective nature of outcomes, and (c) different task construals within its framework. The model has good descriptive validity and accounts for (a) violation of nontransparent stochastic dominance, (b) fourfold pattern of risk attitudes, (c) ambiguity aversion, (d) common consequence effect, (e) common ratio effect, (f) isolation effect, and (g) coalescing and event-splitting effects. click here The DSM is also

used to make several novel predictions of conditions under which specific behavior patterns may or may not occur.”
“The stress hormones, glucocorticoids, bind to intracellular receptor proteins and act as transcription

factors affecting gene activity. These genomic effects occur over hours and even days producing long-term changes in synaptic plasticity and neural transmission. In addition to this classic genomic pathway, there is evidence that stress hormones can have immediate, non-genomic effects on brain function. Using non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging, awake, adrenalectomized rats FRAX597 supplier were given intravenous doses of corticosterone mimicking blood levels of hormone achieved with modest and intense stress. The dose of corticosterone mimicking high stress caused a significant increase in functional activity in the hippocampus, forebrain cortex and lateral hypothalamus within minutes of administration. This finding shows that stress hormones can have non-genomic effects on brain activity potentially affecting the immediate cognitive and behavioral response to a highly emotional experience. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Cortisol is essential for regulating all cell types in the body, including those in the brain. Most information concerning cortisol’s cerebral effects comes from work in nonhumans. This is a first effort to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the time course and locus of cortisol’s effects on selected brain structures in resting humans.

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