Comparison of mRNA expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50316 and NRRL Y-50049 by fold changes from 0 h to Sorafenib clinical trial 48 h after the ethanol challenge treatment. Green Selleckchem Temozolomide indicates enhanced expression, red for repressed expression, and yellow for no significant changes. Table 3 Functional categories and comparative expression fold changes of candidate and key genes for ethanol tolerance and ethanol fermentation for tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50316 and its parental strain Y-50049 over time under the ethanol challenge Gene and Category Function description Y-50316 Y-50049 Msn4p/Msn2p Yap1p Hsf1p Pdr1p/Pdr3p     0 h 1 h 6 h 24 h 48 h 0 h 1 h 6 h 24 h 48 h         Heat shock proteins HSP12 Plasma membrane localized heat shock protein

0.7 5.2 7.8 6.7 5.6 1.0 4.3 2.1 1.3 1.2 7 0 1 0 HSP26 Small heat shock protein with chaperone activity 0.9 55.2 30.0 31.7 54.4 1.0 59.5 34.8

17.8 15.3 4 0 7 0 HSP30 Hydrophobic plasma membrane localized heat shock protein 1.0 7.6 3.3 7.1 23.9 1.0 mafosfamide 48.8 4.6 3.2 3.0 0 3 0 0 HSP31* Member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, chaperone and cysteine protease 2.1 3.6 7.9 10.2 9.3 1.0 1.3 5.5 2.1 1.8 1 2 4 0 HSP32 Possible chaperone and cysteine protease 0.8 1.0 2.4 2.1 2.3 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.4 1.0 4 0 6 0 HSP42 Small heat shock protein with chaperone activity 0.8 3.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 6.9 2.8 1.2 0.7 3 0 8 0 HSP78 Heat shock protein of ATP-dependent proteases, mitochondrial 0.6 3.0 2.2 2.8 2.9 1.0 4.3 2.0 0.9 0.3 3 1 8 0 HSP82* Heat shock protein,Hsp90 chaperone required for pheromone signaling 1.7 7.6 2.6 2.2 2.4 1.0 3.4 3.4 1.3 0.6 2 1 4 0 HSP104 Heat shock protein 0.5 3.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.0 8.8 2.6 1.0 0.4 3 1 10 0 HSP150 O-mannosylated heat shock protein 1.4 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.4 2 1 0 0 Trehalose and glycogen metablism PGM1* Phosphoglucomutase, minor isoform 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 3 0 2 0 PGM2 Phosphoglucomutase, major isoform 0.4 3.6 2.6 3.8 2.3 1.0 1.4 2.4 0.9 0.5 7 1 0 0 UGP1 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1.1 2.4 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.0 2.6 1.5 0.6 0.3 5 0 2 0 GPH1 Glycogen phosphorylase 1.0 5.2 14.3 19.9 17.7 1.0 2.4 6.6 4.5 3.5 3 1 0 0 GSY1 Glycogen synthase 0.6 3.4 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 2.5 1.1 0.5 2 0 0 0 GSY2 UDP-glucose–starch glucosyltransferase 0.6 1.2 3.2 3.2 2.4 1.0 1.4 2.1 1.5 0.