Aside from methodological issues pertaining to beverage composition and protocol design, it has been postulated that participants with a lower performance level may be more responsive to CHO-PRO-PEP supplementation than those individuals who are deemed more superior performers [15]. This notion was based click here on a performance factor calculated from Wmax, VO2max and the mean power output from a familiarisation of a 5 min all-out cycling performance test, and a subsequent correlation analysis [15]. However, as presented previously, we did not observe an ergogenic response in our participant population. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that when matching

CHO, CHO-PRO and CHO-PRO-PEP solutions for energetic content, the inclusion of protein hydrolysates produced from salmon may have significant effects upon exercise metabolism during

endurance cycling. However, the translation of these CFTR modulator significant metabolic effects into subsequently meaningful performance benefits remains to be determined. Moreover, in the absence of an empirically supported mechanism, further investigations are warranted to potentially elucidate mechanisms and further determine the efficacy of CHO-PRO-PEP co-ingestion. Acknowledgments The authors would to thank Einar Leid of Nutrimarine Life Science, Bergen, Norway for generously supplying the supplementation for the study. The authors would also like to thank the participants for their time and effort. References 1. Jeukendrup AE: Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition 2004, 20:669–677.PubMedCrossRef 2. Jeukendrup AE: Carbohydrate feeding during exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2008 2008,8(2):77–86.CrossRef 3. Ivy JL, Res PT, Sprague Vitamin B12 RC, Widzer MO: Effect

of a carbohydrate-protein supplement on endurance performance during exercise of varying intensity. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2003, 13:382–395.PubMed 4. Saunders MJ, Kane MD, Todd MK: Effects of a carbohydrate-protein beverage on cycling endurance performance and muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(7):1233–1238.PubMedCrossRef 5. Saunders MJ, Luden ND, Herrick JE: Consumption of an oral carbohydrate-protein gel improves cycling endurance and prevents postexercise muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 2007,21(3):678–684.PubMed 6. Breen L, Tipton KD, Jeukendrup AE: No effect of carbohydrate-protein on cycling performance and indices of recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010,42(6):1140–1148.PubMed 7. Osterberg KL, Zachwieja JJ, Smith JW: Carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein for cycling time trial performance. J Sports Sci 2008,26(3):227–233.PubMedCrossRef 8. Romano-Ely BC, Todd MK, Saunders MJ, St Laurent T: Effect of an isocaloric carbohydrate-protein-antioxidant drink on cycling performance.