Age-size relationships were estimated using growth models from the Richards family of curves (full model, von Bertalanffy and monomolecular). The form of the relationships differed between analyses based on caimans of

known age and analyses based on integration of growth rate on size relationships for caimans whose ages were selleck chemicals llc not known. Individuals showed large variation in short-term growth rates, but data on known-age animals indicated little between-individual variability in long-term growth rates. There was evidence of a small effect of rainfall, but not temperature, on short-term growth of small caimans, but most variation in growth rates was unexplained by variables other than age and sex. Data on known-age individuals indicated that female C. c. yacare generally reach sexual maturity between 10 and 15 years of age. Because of the asymptotic relationship between age and size, deviations of observations from the model for age are larger than for size, and estimates of age at a given size have greater errors than estimates of size at a given age. Integration of growth rate on size relationships may be adequate for estimating size from age in many cases, but accurate Fludarabine cell line estimates of age from size require data on known-age individuals over the size range of the species.”
“Introduction

This work illustrates the productivity of composting earthworm Perionyx excavatus under different stocking density (in milligrams biomass per cubic centimeter vermibed space) gradients

in cattle dung decomposing system.\n\nMaterials and methods Earthworm biomass and reproduction performance was tested in vermibeds with five different stocking density loads: 0.0680 mg cm(-3) (T-1), 0.1388 mg cm(-3) (T-2), 0.205 mg cm(-3) (T-3), 0.274 mg cm(-3) (T-4), and 0.342 mg cm(-3) (T-5).\n\nResults and conclusion Results thus suggested the direct relationship between earthworm performance and stocking density load in vermicomposting system. P. excavatus showed the maximum individual biomass production in low-stocking density trials, while cocoon production rate was better in vermibeds with high-density trials. The statistical interrelationships between stocking density load and individual growth parameters of Vorinostat inoculated earthworms were also tested. The statistical interpretation also suggested the impact of stocking density load on earthworm growth and reproduction parameters in vermicomposting system, although further detailed studies are required to measure the earthworm growth behavior under the maximum carrying capacity load of a vermibed.”
“The aim of this study was to investigate of the efficacy and reliability of a novel antimicrobial hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle coating of urethral catheters, in the prophylaxis of biofilm formation and bacteriuria in rabbits.