4%) had Graves’ hyperthyroidism and 23 (23/303, 7.5%) had primary hypothyroidism. Mean age, gender, mean severity score, mean activity score, Rundle grade, unilateral presentation of TED, smoking habit, mean duration of eye disease, and mean interval time of thyroid to TED were not significantly different between the two groups (0.06<P<0.9). Mean duration of thyroid disease was significantly (P

= 0.02) longer in the Hr-TED group (49.6 months) than in the Ho-TED group (22.7 months). Most of the patients in both groups (63.2% of Hr-TED and 73.9% of Ho-TED) developed the eye disease within 18 months before or after the thyroid disease.\n\nConclusion The same demographics, clinical characteristics, and severity and activity scores for Hr-TED and Ho-TED imply

that both groups present the same category of eye disease. Eye (2011) 25, 1442-1446; doi:10.1038/eye.2011.186; published online Selleckchem BI-D1870 5 August 2011″
“Apathy is one of the most challenging and prevalent behavioral symptoms of dementia. It is associated with increased disability and caregiver frustration as well as reduced quality of life, rehabilitation outcomes and survival after nursing home admission. A literature search to set criteria yielded 56 nonpharmacological intervention studies with outcomes relevant to PHA-848125 concentration apathy in dementia. Studies were rated according to quality and categorized into 7 groups: exercise, music, multisensory, animals, special care programming, therapeutic activities and miscellaneous. Despite a lack of methodological rigor, it is apparent that nonpharmacological interventions have the potential to reduce apathy. This review indicates that therapeutic activities, particularly those provided individually, have the best available evidence for effectiveness in dementia. Recommendations are provided for quality research. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 20:549-564)”
“Agenesis Bucladesine is defined as the absence of teeth by genetic alterations isolated or syndromic. Agenesis of third molar is associated to malformations and is considerate by diverse authors as a consequence of human evolution (Larmour et al., 2005). The third molars are teeth with higher prevalence of agenesis together with seconds

premolars and lateral incisive (Fuller & Denehy, 1984). The prevalence varies between 9% to 37% (McNamara & Foley, 2006). Arboleda et al. (2006) indicated a prevalence of 20%. The literature notes statistical variables percentage by gender, dental arch, side, and tooth, with few articles on groups originating from Chile. The population in study consisted of 52 men and 48 women between 14 and 26 years old, patients of the dental clinic of the Universdad de Antofagasta. All individuals were healthy, without any general or maxillofacial malformation without infectious diseases affecting the odontogenesis and dental eruption, without extractions of third molar and orthodontic treatment prior to the panoramic x-ray. A 20% of individuals with agenesis was determined, with 8.