, 2010). The hospital had six psychiatric units, of which three were sampled for this study: one comorbid acute worldwide distributors mental health and substance use unit, and two acute mental health units. Three units were excluded: two psychiatric emergency care units and one geriatric unit. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (reference no: 08/04/16/5.10) and the University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee (reference no: H-2008-0191). Procedure The survey was undertaken across a 12-month period (May 2009�CMay 2010) at a rate determined by the availability of interview staff��who undertook interviews on average 1 day per week. All inpatients present on the day when the interview was being conducted in that unit were eligible to participate in the study if the clinical opinion of the nursing staff indicated they were well enough to do so.

Trained interviewers systematically approached such patients by utilizing a ward list, and asked them to participate in a survey about their smoking status and views of the hospital��s smoke-free policy. The surveys were conducted in a quiet area of the unit separated from other patients and took up to 20min to complete. Smokers were defined as those participants who self-reported being regular or occasional smokers on admission to hospital. The aim was to continue recruitment until a total of 100 smokers had been surveyed across the 3 units, drawing approximately one-third of this number from each.

Measures The survey included items regarding tobacco use, as measured by cigarettes per day, quit attempts (lifetime and in the last 12 months), Entinostat and nicotine dependence (Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND]) (Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerstr?m, 1991); readiness to quit as measured by a modified version of Prochaska and DiClemente��s TTM (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) the Readiness and Motivation to Quit Smoking Questionnaire (RMQ) (Crittenden, Manfredi, Lacey, Warnecke, & Parsons, 1994), self-report desire to quit (1�C10 scale) (Curry, Grothaus, & McBride, 1997), and the Reasons for Quitting Scale (RFQ) (Curry, Wagner, & Grothaus, 1990). The survey tool also included several items developed by researchers specifically for this project, including a perceived level of addiction to cigarettes scale (1 = ��not at all strong�� to 10 = ��extremely��), and several ��smoking-identity�� items based on the PRIME theory of addiction (West, 2006), including the perceived identity as a smoker, the enjoyment of smoking, and the ability to imagine life as a nonsmoker.