This will avoid the consequence of withholding Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis in cases when anti-D antibodies are not present.”
“Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most-common valvular heart disease in the western world. From an etiologic point of view, MR can be either organic (mainly degenerative in western countries) or functional (secondary to left ventricular remodeling in the context of ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy). Degenerative and functional MR are completely different disease entities that pose specific decision-making problems and require different management. The natural history of severe degenerative MR

is clearly unfavorable. However, the appropriate and timely correction of degenerative

MR is associated with a life expectancy similar to that of the normal population. By contrast, the prognostic impact of the correction of functional MR is Selleckchem CBL0137 still a matter of debate. In this Review, we discuss the optimal treatment GS-7977 ic50 of both degenerative and functional MR, taking into account all presently available therapeutic options, including novel percutaneous methods. Since a clear understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of valvular dysfunction is important to guide the timing and choice of treatment, the role of echocardiography in the management of MR is also addressed.”
“The mentalis muscle (MT) is the only elevator of the lower lip and the chin, and it provides the major vertical support for the lower lip. However, there are few reports on the relationship between the MT and its surrounding muscles. The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology of the MT, especially in relation to the orbicularis oris muscle and the incisivus labii inferioris muscle (ILI), thereby providing data to understand the function of the MT in relation to the surrounding muscles. The MT was examined in 40 specimens of embalmed adult Korean cadavers. The medial fibers of both MTs descended anteromedially and crossed together, forming a dome-shaped chin prominence in all specimens. The lateral fibers of the MT descended inferomedially in 38 specimens (95%) and inferolaterally in 2

specimens (5%). The upper fibers of the MT were short SRT1720 and ran horizontally, whereas the lower fibers were long and descended inferomedially or vertically. The upper fibers of the MT were intermingled with the inferior margin of the orbicularis oris muscle in all specimens. The originating muscle fibers of the ILI were intermingled with the upper lateral MT in all specimens. Some of the ILI fibers extended inferomedially to the middle or lower portion of the MT in 22 specimens (55%). The results of this study constitute new anatomical knowledge regarding the MT and will be useful to surgeons performing various surgical procedures of the chin area.”
“The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in our obese population undergoing Roux-en-Y bypass gastric surgery (69.