“
“An analytical two-dimensional (2D) model for the subthreshold swing of the short-channel double-gate (DG) MOSFET with a vertical Gaussian-like doping profile is presented in this paper. The 2D potential function AR-13324 chemical structure obtained by solving the 2D Poisson’s equation by using the evanescent mode analysis has been used to formulate

the subthreshold current. The concept of the effective conduction path effect of uniformly doped DG MOSFETs has been extended to the nonuniformly doped DG MOSFETs to obtain the subthreshold swing variations against doping profile parameters as well as device parameters of the present device. The results of the model show excellent matching with the numerical simulation data obtained by using the commercially available ATLAS (TM), a two-dimensional device simulator from SILVACO. (C) 2011 American Institute

selleck chemicals llc of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3552309]“
“Grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA from natural rubber (NR) using ATRP process, NR has to be transformed into bromoalkyl-functionalized NR (NRBr) acting as ATRP macroinitiator. The NRBr was prepared by two-step chemical modification i.e., epoxidation and epoxide ring opening reaction using a nucleophile containing bromine atom such as 2-bromopropionic acid (A1) and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (A2). The fixation of A1 and A2 on 4-methyl-4-octene, a model representing one repeat unit of NR, modified by epoxidation was prior studied and it was found that the resulting addition products from A2 using as ATRP initiator for MMA gave a better control of (M) over bar (n,exp) and low PDI of PMMA than that from A1. Then, the NR was transformed into ATRP KU 55933 rubber macroinitiator via epoxidation, followed by epoxide ring addition with only A2. (1)H NMR was employed to determine the amount of A2 addition units on NR, which is considered to be the same amount of grafting sites for ATRP of MMA. The grafting of PMMA was then successfully carried out from the NR backbone by ATRP process. The PMMA grafts of the NR-g-PMMA were indeed linked

to the NR backbone via ester linkage of the A2 unit. The PMMA grafts could be cleaved from the NR backbone by acid hydrolysis, while PMMA grafting by other conventional radical reaction could not be done. Then, the average MW of PMMA grafts after separation using acetone extraction was evaluated. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 508-520, 2011″
“Background: Respiratory viruses contribute to the seasonal pattern of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but the impact of viral coinfections on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IPD have not been well defined.

Objective: This study was designed to describe and compare the clinical presentations and outcomes of patients with IPD with or without viral coinfections.

Design/Methods: Retrospective analyses of records of all children treated at Children’s Medical Center Dallas (CMCD) for IPD from July 2005 to June 2008.