coli lysate. (C) Immunoblot of recombinant PPAse; immunological detection with a serum pool from experimentally infected pigs; PPA, recombinant PPase; Co, non-induced IMAC purified E. coli lysate. Characterization of PPase in M. suis In order to prove the conserved existence of the PPase gene in M. suis, 25 M. suis isolates (20 isolates from domestic pigs and five isolates from wild boars) were screened https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mk-4827.html by PCR. All isolates revealed a PCR amplification product of the expected size of approximately 500 bp. Sequence analysis of ten ppa PCR products revealed 100% sequence identity with the determined M. suis ppa sequence (Accession

number FN394679). To determine the antigenicity of the PPase of M. suis we analyzed convalescent serum pools from

experimentally infected pigs by immunoblotting. All convalescent serum pools reacted clearly with rPPase. No reaction could be observed with sera taken from M. suis negative pigs. A representative immunoblot is shown in Figure 3C. Functional characterization of recombinant M. suis PPase The dependency of the M. suis PPase activity on the pH value was determined between pH 5 and 10.5. As shown in Figure 4D the optimum pH for the M. suis PPase activity was observed at pH 9.0. At conditions below pH 7.5 and above pH 10.0 its activity decreased Saracatinib manufacturer considerably. Figure 4 Functional characterization of the recombinant M. suis sPPase. (A) Activation of M. suis rPPase by Mg2+. The rPPase (10 ng/μl) was incubated for 5 min in the same buffer containing different concentrations of MgCl2. Values represent mean values ± standard deviation of five independent experiments. (B) Differences in the activation of rPPase by Mg2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+. Recombinant PPase (10 ng/μl) was incubated for 5 min in the same buffer containing 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM MnCl2 and 5 mM MgCl2, respectively. Activation of M. suis rPPase by MgCl2 was set as 100%. Values represent

mean values ± standard deviation of triplicates. (C) Inhibition of M. suis rPPase activity by Ca2+ and EDTA. Recombinant PPase (10 ng/μl) was incubated for 5 min in buffer containing 5 mM MgCl2 alone and with 5 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM EDTA, respectively. Activity value of M. suis rPPase with MgCl2 alone was set as 100%. Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase Values represent mean values ± standard deviation of triplicates. (D) pH value dependency of the M. suis rPPase activity. PPase activity was measured using 50 mM MgCl2 and buffers with increasing pH values. Data represent mean values ± standard deviation from five independent experiments. (E) Activity of M. suis rPPase using different PPi concentrations. Activity was measured with fixed concentrations of rPPase (10 ng/μl) and 50 mM MgCl2 at a pH of 9.0. Values represent mean values ± standard deviation of five independent experiments. The effect of different Mg2+ concentrations on the M. suis PPase activity is shown in Figure 4A. High enzyme activity was found between 1 and 100 mM Mg2+ with a maximum activity at a GSK3326595 clinical trial concentration of 10 mM Mg2+.