Study design A double

blind repeated measures design was employed where the subjects Cobimetinib research buy ingested either the AOX treatment or a placebo version prior to completing the training session. In the 48 h leading up to these sessions the subjects were instructed to refrain from intense physical exercise in order to eliminate residual fatigue. The supplements were provided using a randomized and counterbalanced design. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions, firstly to record their physical characteristics and determine their 3 RM BS which was used to predict 1RM strength [1.06 × 3RM (kg) [30]]. On their second and third visits subjects completed the hypertrophic training session (HTS) which consisted of six sets of 70% of 1RM. The BS was performed with an Olympic barbell using a power rack (Body Maker, Nantong, China). The depth of the squat was controlled by placing the safety spot inserts of the squat rack device just below of the level the barbell when subject’s thighs were parallel to the ground. This acted as a feedback mechanism for the participant and researcher but participants were asked to refrain from “bouncing” on the parallel bars. The subjects were instructed to refrain from alcohol, foods with high AOX capacity and caffeine for 24 h prior to HTS. This information was in INCB024360 molecular weight a document which was read to each subject prior to commencement of participation in the study. Subjects recorded their

diet and were asked to replicate the same dietary intake 24 hrs prior to each session. Preliminary measures and familiarisation

On the subjects’ first visit, their body mass (kg) was measured using a balance beam (Weylux, England) and height (cm) with a stadiometer (Holtain Ltd). Subjects then undertook a warm on up on a cycle ergometer (Schroberer Rad MeBtechnik (SRM), Florfenicol Weldorf, Germany), cycling at 1 watt·kgˉ1 for five min. The determination of the 3RM was followed according to methods previously described [31]. Briefly, it required approximately four to six sets to determine the 3RM with progressively heavier loads per set. Three min rest was allowed between each set and the 3RM was determined as the load lifted three times and when no extra weight could be added. The 3RM was used to predict 1RM for each participant. After a five min break a squat session of 10 repetitions at 70% 1RM load for five sets was performed. Experimental procedures and supplements Four hours prior to the HTS the subjects consumed 2 ml#x2219;kg−1 body mass of either the placebo mixture or AOX supplement [Lactaway©, Away Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia] containing 2.4 g#x2219;L of PYC in a randomised order. The placebo and AOX mixtures tasted and appeared the same. The participants and researchers were not aware of which substance was supplement or placebo until after the completion of the study when details were released by an independent person.