In some experiments, CD4+ T cells were purified from spleen cells of immunized mice by magnetic cell sorting using CD4+ T-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec) and used as responders in co-cultures with protein-pulsed DCs. Cytokines in culture supernatants
were measured after 4 days by ELISA, using kits for IL-17, IFN-γ (R&D Systems), and IL-22 (eBioscience). Total proliferation was evaluated at the fifth day of culture by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Cobimetinib price Proliferation of Ag85B specific or allogeneic (spleen cells from BALB/c mice) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was measured using CFSE (Invitrogen) dilution and flow cytometry. Briefly, total splenocytes were labeled with 1 μM CFSE, then seeded in triplicates in 96-well round-bottomed plates at 3.5 × 105 cells/well with or without Ag85B and/or PstS1 (5 μg/mL). Four days later, cells were labeled with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD25, and anti-CD69, and FACS-analyzed. Quantitative RT-PCR in total CD11c+ DCs or sorted CD8α+ and CD8α− populations was performed using Sensimix Plus SYBR kit containing the fluorescent dye SYBR Green (Quantace). Forward and reverse primers for IL-6, IL-23p19, and IL-1β (Supporting Information Table 1) were purchased from Primm. Quality and specificity of amplicons in
each sample were detected by dissociation curve analysis. Triplicates were performed for each experimental point. For quantization, threshold cycle (Ct) values were determined by the Sequence Detection System software (Applied Biosystems), and ΔCt was obtained by subtracting Ct of reference gene, β-actin, from Ct of target gene. Gene https://www.selleckchem.com/products/r428.html expression was presented as relative amount of mRNA normalized to β-actin and was calculated as 2−ΔCt [56]. The levels of statistical significance for differences between conditions were determined by a two-tailed Student’s t-test. We thank Dr. Silvia Vendetti for kindly providing Cell press spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with tetanus toxoid.
This study was funded by the European Community Grant 200732 HOMITB to LG and by European Community Grant LSHP-CT-2003-503240, MUVAPRED, and Italian Ministry of Health AIDS Project 3H/16 to CP. The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Figure S1. PstS1-induced DC stimulation is not due to contaminating LPS. Figure S2. Effect of Piceatannol on PstS1-induced DC stimulation. Figure S3. Role of TLR2 in PstS1-induced DC stimulation. Figure S4. Cytokine production by memory Ag85B-specific spleen cells is attributable to CD4 T cells. Table S1.