So far, more than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for powdery mildew resistance have been identified and mapped on almost all wheat

selleck chemicals chromosomes in a range of different genetic backgrounds (Z.F. Li, pers. comm.), including the Swiss winter wheat cv. Forno [12], French winter wheat lines RE714, Festin, Courtot, and RE9001 [13], [14], [15] and [16], North American winter wheats Massey and USG3209 [10] and [17], Japanese wheat cultivar Fukuho-komugi [18], Israeli wheat cultivar Oligoculm [18], CIMMYT wheat lines Opata 85, W7984, and Saar [19] and [20], Australian wheat cultivar Avocet [20], and Chinese wheat cultivars Bainong 64 [21] and Lumai 21 [11]. Unfortunately, only a few of these genotypes have good adaptability and associated agronomic traits in Chinese environments Sirolimus molecular weight [22]. Wheat landraces are valuable genetic resources; they sometimes carry multiple genes for resistance to several diseases and are more adaptable to local environments [5]. It is, therefore, important to explore APR to powdery mildew in wheat landraces. Moreover, closely linked molecular markers to the resistance genes would play an important role in incorporation of APR genes in wheat breeding programs. The Chinese wheat landrace

Pingyuan 50 was a leading cultivar in the Yellow and Huai Valley Autumn-sown Wheat Zone of China in the 1950s, and has shown APR to stripe rust and powdery mildew in the field for over 60 years. Previously, we mapped QTL for APR to stripe rust in Pingyuan 50 [22]. The main objectives of the present study were to locate powdery mildew resistance QTL in Pingyan 50 and to determine whether there are pleiotropic Galactosylceramidase or closely linked APR loci involved in stripe rust response. A doubled haploid (DH) population of 137 lines from Pingyuan 50/Mingxian 169 was used for QTL analysis. Pingyuan 50 showed APR to powdery mildew in field trials. Mingxian 169, a landrace

from Shanxi province, is highly susceptible to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici at the seedling stage [22], whereas it is moderately resistant at the adult plant stage. Both parents were susceptible to Bgt isolate E20 at the seedling stage. Jingshuang 16 was highly susceptible to powdery mildew, and used as a susceptible check in all tests. The DH population was evaluated for powdery mildew response over the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 wheat seasons at two locations, viz. the CAAS Experimental Station, Beijing, and CAAS Cotton Research Institute, Anyang, Henan province (herein referred to as Beijing 2010, Beijing 2011, and Anyang 2010). Hill plots (50 seeds/hill) were used and genotypes were sown in randomized complete blocks with three replicates. The highly susceptible cv. Jingshuang 16 was planted in every tenth row as a check and around the experimental block as an inoculum spreader. In Beijing, inoculation with Bgt isolate E20 was performed before stem elongation.