Pseudomembranous colitis was observed in 26 cases. It was caused by Clostridium difficile in 15 cases, and then production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was observed in eight cases. Criteria of the administration of antibiotics were different among the hospitals. The criteria of antibiotics Alectinib chemical structure administration during the perioperative period were different among the hospitals and the surgical procedure. Although fatal complications due to postoperative infection are rare in the gynecologic field, C. difficile infection and the production of ESBL were observed on occasion. Thus, our committee must make the

criteria of antibiotics administration at the perioperative period. None of the authors has anything to disclose. “
“Aim:  Non-endometrioid endometrial cancer is a clinically and pathologically distinct subtype of endometrial cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine whether systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy improves overall survival compared to no lymphadenectomy in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. Material and Methods:  The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and pathological findings of 112 patients who underwent surgical staging for non-endometrioid endometrial cancer from 2000 to 2006 in Korea. Results:  Systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy click here was performed in 71 patients. Pelvic lymph node metastases were identified in 31% and 14.6% patients who underwent systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy and no lymphadenectomy, respectively. After adjusting for risk factors, there was no significant difference in overall survival (odds ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–1.67) between patients who did or did not undergo systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. On multivariate analysis, patients with lymph node metastasis had higher risk of death (odds ratio = 3.11; 95% confidence

interval, 0.97–10.00) than the patients with no lymph node metastasis. Conclusion:  Although systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy did not affect overall survival in patients with the non-endometrioid subtype, it has the potential benefit of providing prognostic Sucrase information and acting as a guide for further adjuvant treatment. “
“Aim:  Hormones and inflammation have been implicated in the pathological process of endometriosis; therefore, we investigated the combined effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and peritoneal fluid obtained from patients with endometriosis (ePF) or a control peritoneal fluid (cPF) obtained from patients without endometriosis on the release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by monocytes and the role of signaling pathways. Methods:  Monocytes were cultured with ePF and cPF in the presence of E2; the MCP-1 levels in the supernatants were then measured by ELISA. In addition, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was measured by Western blotting of phosphorylated proteins.